An artlcle at Dialogue Earth about how climate-induced disasters are forcing people to migrate ou
Also Known As:
Torwālī, Turvali, Dardu
Dialects & Varieties
- Bahrain
- Chail
Dardestān ii. Language
D.I. Edel'man. 1994. "Dardestān Ii. Language." In Encyclopedia Iranica, Online: http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/dardestan-#i.
Speakers
Native or fluent speakers:
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Second-language speakers and learners
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Semi-speakers or rememberers
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Children:
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Young adults
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Older adults
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Elders
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Ethnic or community population
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Year information was gathered
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Comments on speakers
The eastern subgroup includes Kashmiri in the Kashmir valley; Shina in the districts of Gilgit and Tangir, north of Kashmir; Phalura (or Palola) and the closely related Sawi; and a number of languages and dialects sometimes referred to generally as Kōhestānī (lit., “of the mountains”) in the Indus, Swat, and Panjkora basins: Maiyan (so called by native speakers but Kōhestānī by others) with the Kanywali dialect, Torwali, and Bashkarik (or Diri, known in another dialect variant as Garwi).
Location and Context
Countries
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Location Description
part of Nūrestān and adjacent areas along the Kabul river and its tributaries in the mountain region that encompasses northeastern Afghanistan, northern Pakistan, and northwestern India
Government Support
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Institutional Support
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Speakers' Attitude
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Other Languages Used By The Community
None
Number of Other Language Speakers:
None
Domains of Other Languages:
None
Writing Systems
Standard orthography:
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Writing system:
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Other writing systems used:
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Comments on writing systems:
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Recent Resources
Language in Society
Language Documentation, Research, and Archiving
This is a research paper on the Dardic origin of Swat which is not known to many.
The areas where these languages are spoken comprise of the mountainous northern parts of the northwe
