Also Known As:
Abenaki (Western), Abnaki (Western), Abnaki, Western, Abenaki, Abenaqui, St. Francis, Abnaki, St Francis
Dialects & Varieties
Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages
Moseley, Christopher. 2007. Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages, 1 edn. Abingdon: Routledge. ISBN 070071197X
Critically Endangered
100 percent certain, based on the evidence available
Speaker Number Trends
Speaker Number Trend 5
A small percentage of the community speaks the language, and speaker numbers are decreasing very rapidly.
5
Domains of Use
Domain Of Use 5
Used only in a few very specific domains, such as in ceremonies, songs, prayer, proverbs, or certain limited domestic activities.
5
Transmission
Transmission 5
There are only a few elderly speakers.
5
Speakers
Native or fluent speakers:
No results found.
Second-language speakers and learners
No results found.
Semi-speakers or rememberers
No results found.
Children:
No results found.
Young adults
No results found.
Older adults
No results found.
Elders
No results found.
Ethnic or community population
2,000
Year information was gathered
No results found.
Comments on speakers
No results found.
Location and Context
Countries
Canada; USA
Location Description
Vermont and New Hampshire and Quebec. The largest modern community is in Quebec, at the Odanak Reserve on the St. François River.
Government Support
No results found.
Institutional Support
Attempts are underway there to revive the language and teach it in the Vermont school system
Speakers' Attitude
No results found.
Other Languages Used By The Community
None
Number of Other Language Speakers:
None
Domains of Other Languages:
None
Writing Systems
Standard orthography:
No results found.
Writing system:
No results found.
Other writing systems used:
No results text.
Comments on writing systems:
No results found.
Recent Resources
This book talks about lots of Abenaki words and culture and history.
Honors Thesis, Dartmouth College.
Brief, detailed sketch of the Western Abenaki Language.