"Most of the population lives in the multilingual and multicultural Xingu Indigenous Territory, which is a territory protected by the Fundação Nacional do Índio (National Indian Foundation, FUNAI). A smaller part of the population lives outside of the Xingu territory in smaller communities located in the Mato Grosso state (Indigenous territory Apiaká-Kayabi, Indigenous territory Cayabi and Indigenous territory Cayabi Gleba Sul). While the majority of the Kawaiwete population lives in Xingu, this is not their traditional territory... Due to several fatal conflicts with rubber tappers and land explorers interested in stimulating agribusiness in central Brazil, the Kawaiwete were gradually transferred by plane from their traditional land to the Xingu Indigenous Territory in 1966, in order to avoid further fatal conflicts (by gunfire and diseases spread by invaders)."