Projeto de Idiomas em Risco de Extinção

TAMBÉM CONHECIDO COMO		Cocama, Kokama, Kukama-Kukamiria, Ucayali, Xibitoana, Huallaga, Pampadeque, Pandequebo, Xibitaona, Kokama-Kokamilya, Kokáma-Omágwa, Kukama Kukamiria, Cocama Cocamilla
CLASSIFICAÇÃO		Tupian, Tupi-Guaranian, Tupi
CÓDIGO		ISO 639-3
CÓDIGO DO IDIOMA		cod
VARIANTES E DIALETOS		Cocamilla Cocama
FAZER DOWNLOAD		Como csv
MAIS RECURSOS		Pesquisa OLAC
MAIS COMENTÁRIOS		Cabral (2007:375) argues that Kokáma/Omágwa (Cocama-Omagua) is not a Tupí-Guaranían language, that it cannot be classified at all, and is rather a mixed language to which at least four different languages contributed, though “most of the basic vocabulary of Kokáma/Omágwa is of Tupí-Guaraní[an] origin.”

Compare Sources (10)

As informações estão incompletas “Integrating Language Documentation, Language Preservation, and Linguistic Research: Working with the Kokamas from the Amazon” . Rosa Vallejos (2015)

Criticamente em risco

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available
~1,000
Falantes nativos ao redor do mundo
Etnia da população
20,000-25,000
CRIANÇAS
0
JOVENS
0
MAIS INFORMAÇÕES SOBRE NÚMERO DE FALANTES
"Perhaps the most reasonable calculation for today’s total Kokama population would be between 20,000
and 25,000, including people who no longer speak the language... only about 5% (an estimated 1,000 individuals) of the total population speaks the language; the majority have already shifted to Spanish."

DOMÍNIOS DE USO

TENDÊNCIAS DOS FALANTES

TRANSMISSÃO

MAIS INFORMAÇÕES SOBRE A VITALIDADE

"The remaining speakers are elderly people spread across small villages. Adults in their 40s and 50s show only passive knowledge: they are able to understand what is being said in the language, but are not able to produce
even simple messages. [The] remaining speakers use the language to speak amongst themselves, but only in very restricted situations, such as traditional events and intimate meetings."

ATITUDE DO FALANTE

"In Peru, there is a stigma attached to being part of an indigenous group, which generates unfavorable conditions for people to identify themselves as members of such groups... the low social prestige of Kokama together with its use for limited communicative purposes provides little motivation for younger people to learn the language."

SUPORTE GOVERNAMENTAL

None

SUPORTE INSTITUCIONAL

FORMABIAP

OUTROS IDIOMAS USADOS PELA COMUNIDADE

Spanish

COMENTÁRIOS SOBRE O CONTEXTO DO IDIOMA

"So far, only a few materials for language education have been produced in Kokama by institutions like
FORMABIAP [Programa de Formación de Maestros Bilingues de la Amazonía Peruana], but this initiative is by no means part of a plan by the government to protect endangered languages."

LUGARES: Peru

DESCRIÇÃO DA LOCALIDADE: "The Kokama people live in the Peruvian Amazon, approximately between 3 ̊ to 5 ̊ south latitude, and 73 ̊ to 76 ̊ west longitude. Kokama communities are located on the upper Amazon River and several of its major tributaries, including the Huallaga, Marañon, Ucayali, Nanay, and Itaya rivers. The estimated 120 Kokama villages are located in the Peruvian department of Loreto, specifically in the provinces of Maynas, Alto Amazonas, Requena, Maquia and Ucayali. A considerable number of Kokamas now reside in cities within Loreto, such as Iquitos and Yurimaguas, and midsize towns like Lagunas, Nauta, Requena, among others."

Severamente em risco

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available
~250
Falantes nativos ao redor do mundo
Etnia da população
~15,770 in Peru and Colombia
SEMIFALANTES
~3
MAIS INFORMAÇÕES SOBRE NÚMERO DE FALANTES
~250 speakers in Peru and Colombia. There may be more speakers in Brazil

TENDÊNCIAS DOS FALANTES

TRANSMISSÃO

MAIS INFORMAÇÕES SOBRE A VITALIDADE

In Colombia, the language is moribund. In Peru, the youngest speakers are over 40 years old.

OUTROS IDIOMAS USADOS PELA COMUNIDADE

Castellano Sharapa

COMENTÁRIOS SOBRE O CONTEXTO DO IDIOMA

Most members of the Cocama-Cocamilla group have switched to Castellano Sharapa.

LUGARES: Colombia, Peru, possibly Brazil

DESCRIÇÃO DA LOCALIDADE: Peru: along the Huallaga, Lower Maranon, Lower Ucayali, Amazonas, and Lower Nanay rivers.

Ameaçado

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
2,050
Falantes nativos ao redor do mundo
MAIS INFORMAÇÕES SOBRE NÚMERO DE FALANTES
There are 2,000 speakers in Peru (W. Adelaar 2000). Few are monolinguals. The ethnic population in Peru is 15,000 (W. Adelaar 2000).

250 in Peru (Crevels 2007). Few monolinguals. Ethnic population: 15,000 (Crevels 2007) (2013).

LUGARES: Colombia; Brazil; Peru;

Severamente em risco

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available
850
Falantes nativos ao redor do mundo
Etnia da população
16,320
MAIS INFORMAÇÕES SOBRE NÚMERO DE FALANTES
250 Peru; 620 Brazil; possibly a few semi-speakers Colombia.

DATA DAS INFORMAÇÕES: 2007 (Peru, Colombia); 2006 (Brazil)

TENDÊNCIAS DOS FALANTES
TRANSMISSÃO

LUGARES: Peru, Brazil, Colombia

MAIS COMENTÁRIOS: In Peru: Loreto region: Huallaga, lower Marañon, and northeast lower Ucayali rivers’ area.
In Brazil: Amazonas state: Rio Solimões region, Terra Indígena Acapuri de Cima, Terra Indígena Espírito Santo, Terra Indígena Evaré I, Terra Indígena Kokama.
In Coplombia: Amazonas department: Ronda Island in Amazon River opposite Leticia city, and in Naranjales, Palmeras, and San José villages.

Em risco

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
250
Falantes nativos ao redor do mundo
Etnia da população
15,000
MAIS INFORMAÇÕES SOBRE NÚMERO DE FALANTES
250 in Peru (Crevels 2007); ethnic population: 15,000 (Crevels 2007).

DATA DAS INFORMAÇÕES: 2007

LUGARES: Peru, Colombia, Brazil

MAIS COMENTÁRIOS: Loreto Region, northeast lower Ucayali, lower Marañon, and Huallaga rivers area.

Severamente em risco

40 percent certain, based on the evidence available

TRANSMISSÃO

LUGARES: Peru

DESCRIÇÃO DA LOCALIDADE: Spoken in the basins of the Marañón, Tigre, Urituyacu, and Huallaga rivers, in the provinces of Alto Amazonas, Requena, and Loreto, in the region of Loreto, Peru.

Ameaçado

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
1,005
Falantes nativos ao redor do mundo

Ameaçado

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
1,500
Falantes nativos ao redor do mundo

LUGARES: Peruvian Amazon

Ameaçado

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
2,050
Falantes nativos ao redor do mundo

		2015	Integrating Language Documentation, Language Preservation, and Linguistic Research: Working with the Kokamas from the Amazon						Language Documentation & Conservation	9		http://hdl.handle.net/10125/4609	Rosa Vallejos			20,000-25,000	0	~1,000		100-999	"Perhaps the most reasonable calculation for today’s total Kokama population would be between 20,000 and 25,000, including people who no longer speak the language... only about 5% (an estimated 1,000 individuals) of the total population speaks the language; the majority have already shifted to Spanish."		Spanish	"In Peru, there is a stigma attached to being part of an indigenous group, which generates unfavorable conditions for people to identify themselves as members of such groups... the low social prestige of Kokama together with its use for limited communicative purposes provides little motivation for younger people to learn the language."	"So far, only a few materials for language education have been produced in Kokama by institutions like FORMABIAP [Programa de Formación de Maestros Bilingues de la Amazonía Peruana], but this initiative is by no means part of a plan by the government to protect endangered languages."	FORMABIAP	All	Critically Endangered (100 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	14	"The remaining speakers are elderly people spread across small villages. Adults in their 40s and 50s show only passive knowledge: they are able to understand what is being said in the language, but are not able to produce even simple messages. [The] remaining speakers use the language to speak amongst themselves, but only in very restricted situations, such as traditional events and intimate meetings."	15	15		Peru	"The Kokama people live in the Peruvian Amazon, approximately between 3 ̊ to 5 ̊ south latitude, and 73 ̊ to 76 ̊ west longitude. Kokama communities are located on the upper Amazon River and several of its major tributaries, including the Huallaga, Marañon, Ucayali, Nanay, and Itaya rivers. The estimated 120 Kokama villages are located in the Peruvian department of Loreto, specifically in the provinces of Maynas, Alto Amazonas, Requena, Maquia and Ucayali. A considerable number of Kokamas now reside in cities within Loreto, such as Iquitos and Yurimaguas, and midsize towns like Lagunas, Nauta, Requena, among others."	-4.000000, -74.000000
			Base de Datos de Pueblos Indígenas u Originarios								Lima, Peru	http://bdpi.cultura.gob.pe/	Ministerio de Cultura															Severely Endangered (40 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	14					Peru	Spoken in the basins of the Marañón, Tigre, Urituyacu, and Huallaga rivers, in the provinces of Alto Amazonas, Requena, and Loreto, in the region of Loreto, Peru.
0199255911		2005	The World Atlas of Language Structures			Bernard Comrie and David Gil and Martin Haspelmath and Matthew S. Dryer		Oxford University Press			New York			2005. "The World Atlas of Language Structures." edited by Bernard Comrie et al. Oxford University Press.																						-5.0,-74.5
	16	2009	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)			M. Paul Lewis		SIL International			Dallas, TX	http://www.ethnologue.com/		Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)	ll_pub			2,050		1000-9999	There are 2,000 speakers in Peru (W. Adelaar 2000). Few are monolinguals. The ethnic population in Peru is 15,000 (W. Adelaar 2000). 250 in Peru (Crevels 2007). Few monolinguals. Ethnic population: 15,000 (Crevels 2007) (2013).							Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)						Colombia; Brazil; Peru;
		2016	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 19th Edition (2016)			Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig	online	SIL International			Dallas, Texas	http://www.ethnologue.com		Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig (eds.). 2016. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Nineteenth edition (2016). Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Online version: http://www.ethnologue.com.		16,320		850	2007 (Peru, Colombia); 2006 (Brazil)	100-999	250 Peru; 620 Brazil; possibly a few semi-speakers Colombia.							Severely Endangered (80 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	14			15	In Peru: Loreto region: Huallaga, lower Marañon, and northeast lower Ucayali rivers’ area. In Brazil: Amazonas state: Rio Solimões region, Terra Indígena Acapuri de Cima, Terra Indígena Espírito Santo, Terra Indígena Evaré I, Terra Indígena Kokama. In Coplombia: Amazonas department: Ronda Island in Amazon River opposite Leticia city, and in Naranjales, Palmeras, and San José villages.	Peru, Brazil, Colombia
	3rd	2010	Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger					UNESCO Publishing			Paris	http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas	Christopher Moseley (ed.)	Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)	ll_pub			1,005		1000-9999								Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)								-4.8282,-74.2565
		2006	"Kokama-Kokamilla: texts, grammar and lexicon" HRELP Abstract									http://www.hrelp.org/grants/projects/index.php?projid=90	Rosa Vallejos	Vallejos, Rosa. 2006. ""Kokama-Kokamilla: Texts, Grammar and Lexicon" HRELP Abstract." Online: http://www.hrelp.org/grants/projects/index.php?projid=90.				1,500		1000-9999								Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)						Peruvian Amazon
		2007	South America	Atlas of the World's Endangered Languages	103-196	C. Moseley		London & New York: Routledge					Mily Crevels	Crevels, Mily. 2007. "South America." In Atlas of the World's Endangered Languages, edited by C. Moseley. 103-196. London & New York: Routledge.	HHOLD	~15,770 in Peru and Colombia		~250		100-999	~250 speakers in Peru and Colombia. There may be more speakers in Brazil	~3	Castellano Sharapa		Most members of the Cocama-Cocamilla group have switched to Castellano Sharapa.			Severely Endangered (80 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	13	In Colombia, the language is moribund. In Peru, the youngest speakers are over 40 years old.		14		Colombia, Peru, possibly Brazil	Peru: along the Huallaga, Lower Maranon, Lower Ucayali, Amazonas, and Lower Nanay rivers.
	17th	2013	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 17th Edition (2013)			Paul M. Lewis; Gary F. Simons; and Charles D. Fennig		Dallas, Texas: SIL International				http://www.ethnologue.com Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 17th Edition (2013)		Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig (eds.), 2013. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 17th edition. Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Online version: http://www.ethnologue.com.		15,000		250	2007	100-999	250 in Peru (Crevels 2007); ethnic population: 15,000 (Crevels 2007).							Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)					Loreto Region, northeast lower Ucayali, lower Marañon, and Huallaga rivers area.	Peru, Colombia, Brazil
			World Oral Literature Project									http://www.oralliterature.org		"World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.				2,050		1000-9999								Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)

Cocama-Cocamilla

Metadados do idioma

Fórum de documentação de idiomas

Criticamente em risco

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available

~1,000

Severamente em risco

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

~250

Ameaçado

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

2,050

Severamente em risco

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

850

Em risco

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

250

Severamente em risco

40 percent certain, based on the evidence available

Ameaçado

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1,005

Ameaçado

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1,500

Ameaçado

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

2,050

Discussão

Cocama-Cocamilla

Metadados do idioma

Fórum de documentação de idiomas

Criticamente em risco

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available

~1,000

Severamente em risco

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

~250

Ameaçado

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

2,050

Severamente em risco

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

850

Em risco

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

250

Severamente em risco

40 percent certain, based on the evidence available

Ameaçado

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1,005

Ameaçado

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1,500

Ameaçado

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

2,050

Discussão

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