Information from: “East and Southeast Asia” (349-424) . David Bradley (2007) , C. Moseley · London & New York: Routledge
Critically endangered
80 percent certain, based on the evidence available
~400
2,808
0
0
No fluent speakers under fifty.
SPEAKER NUMBER TRENDS
TRANSMISSION
MORE ON VITALITY
Severely endangered but some language heritage activities underway in the village school.
OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY
Chinese
PLACES
China
LOCATION DESCRIPTION
Yunnan, Kunming City, Guandu District
Information from: “Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger” . Christopher Moseley (ed.) (2010) UNESCO Publishing
Information from: “Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 17th Edition (2013)” . Paul M. Lewis; Gary F. Simons; and Charles D. Fennig · Dallas, Texas: SIL International
Critically endangered
100 percent certain, based on the evidence available
400
2810
Population and speaker data from Bradley (2007)
DOMAINS OF USE
SPEAKER NUMBER TRENDS
TRANSMISSION
MORE ON VITALITY
No fluent speakers under 50.
INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT
Some language heritage activities underway in the village school (Bradley 2007).
OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY
Mandarin [cmn]
PLACES
China
LOCATION DESCRIPTION
Yunnan Province, Guandu district, Kunming municipality, Zijun village. A few elderly speakers in Zhenkang and Yongde.