Endangered Languages Project

ALSO KNOWN AS		Alibamu
CLASSIFICATION		Muskogean
CODE AUTHORITY		ISO 639-3
LANGUAGE CODE		akz
DOWNLOAD		As csv
MORE RESOURCES		OLAC search

Compare Sources (7)

Information from: “North America” (7-41) . Victor Golla and Ives Goddard and Lyle Campbell and Marianne Mithun and Mauricio Mixco (2008) , Chris Moseley and Ron Asher · Routledge

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
250-300
Native speakers worldwide
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
Spoken by 250 to 300 residents of the Alabama-Coushatta Indian Reservation near Livingston, in the Big Thicket area of East Texas. Alabama speakers share the reservation with a smaller number of Koasati (Coushatta) speakers, and some individuals have learned to speak or understand both of these related languages. Until recently there were also a few elderly speakers of Alabama among the 900 enrolled members of the Alabama-Quassarte Tribe, an administrative subdivision of the Muskogee Creek Nation, in Okfuskee County, Oklahoma. In Texas, Alabama is the language of choice among those 50 and above and is used at home and at the Senior Citizen Center. The youngest speakers are probably in their teens.

PLACES: Texas, Oklahoma

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Alabama-Coushatta Indian
Reservation near Livingston, in the Big Thicket area of East Texas. Until recently there were also a few
elderly speakers of Alabama among members of the Alabama-Quassarte Tribe, an
administrative subdivision of the Muskogee Creek Nation, in Okfuskee County, Oklahoma.

Endangered

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available
250-300
Native speakers worldwide
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
Alabama is the language of choice among those 50 and above and is used at home and at the Senior Citizen Center.

DATE OF INFO: 1999-2001

DOMAINS OF USE

SPEAKER NUMBER TRENDS

TRANSMISSION

MORE ON VITALITY

Efforts have been made to teach Alabama to young children in summer programs and to introduce it in preschool.

OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY

English
Koasati/Coushatta

PLACES: The Alabama-Coushatta Indian Reservation near Livingston, in the Big Thicket area of East Texas.

Severely endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
100
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
460
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
Data for the number of native speakers is from T. Montler (1997). The number of speakers is decreasing. Information for ethnic population is from the 2000 US census.

DATE OF INFO: 1997

PLACES: USA;

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Southeastern Texas, Alabama-Coushatta Reservation near Livingston.

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
275
Native speakers worldwide

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
100
Native speakers worldwide

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
250
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
460
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
250 (Golla 2007). Ethnic population: 460 (2000 census).

DATE OF INFO: 2007

PLACES: USA: Alabama, Texas

ADDITIONAL COMMENTS: Alabama: Coushatta Reservation near Livingston; Texas: southeast.

		16	2009	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)			M. Paul Lewis		SIL International	Dallas, TX	http://www.ethnologue.com/		Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)	ll_pub	460	100	1997	10-99	Data for the number of native speakers is from T. Montler (1997). The number of speakers is decreasing. Information for ethnic population is from the 2000 US census.			Severely Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)						USA;	Southeastern Texas, Alabama-Coushatta Reservation near Livingston.
			2016	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 19th Edition (2016)			Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig	online	SIL International	Dallas, Texas	http://www.ethnologue.com		Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig (eds.). 2016. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Nineteenth edition (2016). Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Online version: http://www.ethnologue.com.		460	250	2007	100-999	250 (Golla 2007). Ethnic population: 460 (2000 census).			Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)					Alabama: Coushatta Reservation near Livingston; Texas: southeast.	USA: Alabama, Texas
		3rd	2010	Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger					UNESCO Publishing	Paris	http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas	Christopher Moseley (ed.)	Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)	ll_pub		275		100-999				Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)								30.7158,-94.7028
			2008	North America	Atlas of the World's Languages	7-41	Chris Moseley and Ron Asher		Routledge	London		Victor Golla and Ives Goddard and Lyle Campbell and Marianne Mithun and Mauricio Mixco	Victor Golla, Ives Goddard, Lyle Campbell, Marianne Mithun and Mauricio Mixco. 2008. "North America." In Atlas of the World's Languages, edited by Chris Moseley and Ron Asher. 7-41. Routledge.			250-300		100-999	Spoken by 250 to 300 residents of the Alabama-Coushatta Indian Reservation near Livingston, in the Big Thicket area of East Texas. Alabama speakers share the reservation with a smaller number of Koasati (Coushatta) speakers, and some individuals have learned to speak or understand both of these related languages. Until recently there were also a few elderly speakers of Alabama among the 900 enrolled members of the Alabama-Quassarte Tribe, an administrative subdivision of the Muskogee Creek Nation, in Okfuskee County, Oklahoma. In Texas, Alabama is the language of choice among those 50 and above and is used at home and at the Senior Citizen Center. The youngest speakers are probably in their teens.			Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)						Texas, Oklahoma	Alabama-Coushatta Indian Reservation near Livingston, in the Big Thicket area of East Texas. Until recently there were also a few elderly speakers of Alabama among members of the Alabama-Quassarte Tribe, an administrative subdivision of the Muskogee Creek Nation, in Okfuskee County, Oklahoma.
		2nd edition	2010	Endangered Languages of the United States	Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger of Disappearing	108-130	Christopher Moseley		UNESCO	Paris		Christopher Rogers, Naomi Palosaari and Lyle Campbell	Christopher Rogers, Naomi Palosaari and Lyle Campbell. 2010. "Endangered Languages of the United States." In Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger of Disappearing, edited by Christopher Moseley. 108-130. UNESCO.																	30.7158,-94.7028
				World Oral Literature Project							http://www.oralliterature.org		"World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.			100		100-999				Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)
070071197X	3	1	2007	Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages					Routledge	Abingdon		Christopher Moseley	Moseley, Christopher. 2007. Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages, 1 edn. Abingdon: Routledge. ISBN 070071197X	ll_pub		250-300	1999-2001	100-999	Alabama is the language of choice among those 50 and above and is used at home and at the Senior Citizen Center.	School and church services	English, Koasati/Coushatta	Endangered (100 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	13	Efforts have been made to teach Alabama to young children in summer programs and to introduce it in preschool.	12	13		The Alabama-Coushatta Indian Reservation near Livingston, in the Big Thicket area of East Texas.

Alabama

Language metadata

Language information by source

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

250-300

Endangered

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available

250-300

Severely endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

100

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

275

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

100

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

250

Discussion

Alabama

Language metadata

Language information by source

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

250-300

Endangered

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available

250-300

Severely endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

100

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

275

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

100

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

250

Discussion

Suggest information or improvement

Download language data

Sources of information

Compare Sources