Endangered Languages Project

Dhuwal (ISO 639-3: duj) belongs to the Yolngu group and is spoken by several clans. Djambarrpuyngu (ISO 639-3: djr) is a representative dialect. (AIATSIS)

ALSO KNOWN AS		Duala, Dual, Wulamba, Duwal, Murngin, Balamumu, Barlamomo, Barlamumu, Malag, Marlark, Arrawiya, Banjarrpuma, Bilamandji Dhurili, Durilji, Djambarrpuyngu, Jambapuing, Jambapuingo
CLASSIFICATION		Pama-Nyungan, Yolngu
LANGUAGE CODE		duj, djr
VARIANTS & DIALECTS		Djambarrpuyngu Dhuwaya Djapu Liyagalawumirr Marrakulu Marrangu Dhuwal Liyagawumirr Datiwuy
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Information from: “Austlang: Australian Indigenous Languages Database” . AIATSIS

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
3,044
Native speakers worldwide
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
20 speakers of Datiwuy variety; 500 speakers of Dhuwaya variety; 30 speakers of Marrangu variety.

DATE OF INFO: 2006

Vulnerable

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
"This language is one of the few Australian languages still being spoken by children as a first language. It is also gaining speakers, since speakers of other Aboriginal languages in the region are shifting to Dhuwal as a lingua franca. However, it is still classed as endangered because of the small number of speakers in world terms, and because of continuing government policies which seek to limit its sphere of use."

SPEAKER NUMBER TRENDS
TRANSMISSION

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
500
Native speakers worldwide
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
~200 speakers of the Dhuwaya variety.

DATE OF INFO: 1983

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
3,650
Native speakers worldwide
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
Data for the number of native speakers comes from the 1996 census, and "includes 200 Djapu, 160 Liyagalawumirr (clan names)."

DATE OF INFO: 1996

PLACES: Australia

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
500
Native speakers worldwide

	2011	How many languages were spoken in Australia?			Also includes subsequent additions by CB directly into ElCat					http://anggarrgoon.files.wordpress.com/2011/12/austlangs-masterlanguagelist-dec2011.xlsx	Claire Bowern	Claire Bowern. 2011. "How Many Languages Were Spoken in Australia?" Online: http://anggarrgoon.files.wordpress.com/2011/12/austlangs-masterlanguagelist-dec2011.xlsx.					"This language is one of the few Australian languages still being spoken by children as a first language. It is also gaining speakers, since speakers of other Aboriginal languages in the region are shifting to Dhuwal as a lingua franca. However, it is still classed as endangered because of the small number of speakers in world terms, and because of continuing government policies which seek to limit its sphere of use."	Vulnerable (60 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	11	10		-12.61979016,135.5309461
		World Oral Literature Project								http://www.oralliterature.org		"World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.		500		100-999		Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)
	2007	Australasia and the Pacific	Atlas of the World's Languages	97-126		R. E. Asher and Christopher Moseley	Routledge		4		Darrell Tryon	Tryon, Darrell. 2007. "Australasia and the Pacific." In Atlas of the World's Languages, edited by R. E. Asher and Christopher Moseley. 97-126. Routledge.		500	1983	100-999	~200 speakers of the Dhuwaya variety.	Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)
		Austlang: Australian Indigenous Languages Database					AIATSIS	Canberra		http://austlang.aiatsis.gov.au		AUSTLANG: Australian Indigenous Languages Database. (19 October, 2009.)	ll_pub	3,044	2006	1000-9999	20 speakers of Datiwuy variety; 500 speakers of Dhuwaya variety; 30 speakers of Marrangu variety.	Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)
16	2009	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)				M. Paul Lewis	SIL International	Dallas, TX		http://www.ethnologue.com/		Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)	ll_pub	3,650	1996	1000-9999	Data for the number of native speakers comes from the 1996 census, and "includes 200 Djapu, 160 Liyagalawumirr (clan names)."	Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)			Australia

Dhuwal

Language metadata

Language information by source

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

3,044

Vulnerable

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

500

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

3,650

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

500

Discussion

Dhuwal

Language metadata

Language information by source

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

3,044

Vulnerable

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

500

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

3,650

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

500

Discussion

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