Endangered Languages Project

ALSO KNOWN AS		Mashuakwe, Tshumakwe, Shua-Khwe
CLASSIFICATION		Khoe, Kalahari
CODE AUTHORITY		ISO 639-3
LANGUAGE CODE		shg
VARIANTS & DIALECTS		Ts’èxa Cara ǀXaise Danisi
DOWNLOAD		As csv
MORE RESOURCES		OLAC search
ADDITIONAL COMMENTS		Shua and Tshwa [hio] form a dialect cluster.

Compare Sources (8)

Information from: “The twelve modern Khoisan languages” . Matthias Brenzinger (2011)

Endangered

40 percent certain, based on the evidence available
4,100 (Shua and Tshwa combined)
Native speakers worldwide
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
"The figures underlying the map on Shua-Tshwa are based on surveys conducted in 2008 by Andy Chebanne (p.c.). According to his observations, many of the Shua-Tshwa people have abandoned their language. While older sources still assume 15000 - 20000 speakers (Anderson & Janson 1997:138) for this dialect cluster, Chebanne (Chebanne, p.c.) counted 4100 only."

SPEAKER NUMBER TRENDS

PLACES: Eastern Botswana

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
420
Native speakers worldwide

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
6,000
Native speakers worldwide

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
1,700
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
1,700

Ethnic population
5,950-7,850 (Boteti pop.)

DATE OF INFO: 1995-1999

PLACES: Botswana

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Tutume

ADDITIONAL COMMENTS: Villages, settlements, and towns: Nata

At risk

40 percent certain, based on the evidence available

DATE OF INFO: 1998-1999

TRANSMISSION

MORE ON VITALITY

“All ages speak the language.”

GOVERNMENT SUPPORT

None

INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT

None

OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY

Setswana
English
other Khoe languages

LANGUAGE CONTEXT COMMENTS

“...when a person speaks Shua khoe, s/he can easily be understood by |Hai khoe or Tshire-Tshire who speak different Khoe languages, and therefore, the interlocutors are very often, if not always, not obliged to switch to the linguistic code of the other when engaged in the same conversation.”

PLACES: Botswana

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Boteti, Makgadikgadi Salt Pans

ADDITIONAL COMMENTS: "Very remote areas of Mosu, Khoee, Tshwa-gong, Thabatshukudu"

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
6,000
Native speakers worldwide
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
Data for the number of native speakers comes from R. Cook 2004.

PLACES: Botswana;

	Duisburger Arbeiten zur Sprach- und Kulturwissenschaft		2000	Where are the Khoesan of Botswana?	Botswana: the Future of the Minority Languages	13-31	Herman M. Batibo and Birgit Smieja	Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang	40				Sue Hasselbring	Sue Hasselbring. 2000. "Where Are the Khoesan of Botswana?" In Botswana: the Future of the Minority Languages, edited by Herman M. Batibo and Birgit Smieja. 40: 13-31. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.	HHOLD	5,950-7,850 (Boteti pop.)		1995-1999										Villages, settlements, and towns: Nata	Botswana	Tutume	-20.21114,26.181608
0199255911			2005	The World Atlas of Language Structures			Bernard Comrie and David Gil and Martin Haspelmath and Matthew S. Dryer	Oxford University Press		New York				2005. "The World Atlas of Language Structures." edited by Bernard Comrie et al. Oxford University Press.																	-20.5, 24.5
		16	2009	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)			M. Paul Lewis	SIL International		Dallas, TX		http://www.ethnologue.com/		Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)	ll_pub		6,000		1000-9999	Data for the number of native speakers comes from R. Cook 2004.				Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)					Botswana;
			2011	The twelve modern Khoisan languages	Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Khoisan Languages and Linguistics								Matthias Brenzinger	Matthias Brenzinger. 2011. "The Twelve Modern Khoisan Languages." In Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Khoisan Languages and Linguistics,			4,100 (Shua and Tshwa combined)		1000-9999	"The figures underlying the map on Shua-Tshwa are based on surveys conducted in 2008 by Andy Chebanne (p.c.). According to his observations, many of the Shua-Tshwa people have abandoned their language. While older sources still assume 15000 - 20000 speakers (Anderson & Janson 1997:138) for this dialect cluster, Chebanne (Chebanne, p.c.) counted 4100 only."				Endangered (40 percent certain, based on the evidence available)			14		Eastern Botswana		-20.086889, 26.570435
	Duisburger Arbeiten zur Sprach-und Kulturwissenschaft		2000	The Socio-linguistic Survey of the Eastern Khoe in the Boteti and Makgadikgadi Pans Areas of Botswana	Botswana: the Future of the Minority Languages	79-94	Herman M. Batibo and Birgit Smieja	Peter Lang	40	Düsseldorf, Germany			Chebanne, Andy and Moemedi Nthapelelang	Andy Chebanne and Moemedi Nthapelelang. 2000. "The Socio-linguistic Survey of the Eastern Khoe in the Boteti and Makgadikgadi Pans Areas of Botswana." In Botswana: the Future of the Minority Languages, edited by Herman M. Batibo and Birgit Smieja. 40: 79-94. Peter Lang.	HHOLD			1998-1999			Education (Setswana)	Setswana, English, other Khoe languages	“...when a person speaks Shua khoe, s/he can easily be understood by \|Hai khoe or Tshire-Tshire who speak different Khoe languages, and therefore, the interlocutors are very often, if not always, not obliged to switch to the linguistic code of the other when engaged in the same conversation.”	At risk (40 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	10	“All ages speak the language.”		"Very remote areas of Mosu, Khoee, Tshwa-gong, Thabatshukudu"	Botswana	Boteti, Makgadikgadi Salt Pans	-21.463293,24.860344
		3rd	2010	Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger				UNESCO Publishing		Paris		http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas	Christopher Moseley (ed.)	Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)	ll_pub		420		100-999					Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)							-21.2458, 26.1776
				World Oral Literature Project								http://www.oralliterature.org		"World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.			6,000		1000-9999					Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)
9783110170498	Trends in Linguistics: Studies and Monographs		2007	Language Endangerment in Southern and Eastern Africa	Language Diversity Endangered	179-204	Matthias Brenzinger	Mouton de Gruyter		Berlin	9		Matthias Brenzinger	Brenzinger, Matthias. 2007. "Language Endangerment in Southern and Eastern Africa." In Language Diversity Endangered, edited by Matthias Brenzinger. 179-204. Mouton de Gruyter.		1,700	1,700		1000-9999					Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)

Shua

Language metadata

Language information by source

Endangered

40 percent certain, based on the evidence available

4,100 (Shua and Tshwa combined)

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

420

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

6,000

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1,700

At risk

40 percent certain, based on the evidence available

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

6,000

Discussion

Shua

Language metadata

Language information by source

Endangered

40 percent certain, based on the evidence available

4,100 (Shua and Tshwa combined)

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

420

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

6,000

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1,700

At risk

40 percent certain, based on the evidence available

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

6,000

Discussion

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Sources of information

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