Endangered Languages Project

ALSO KNOWN AS		//Ani, /Anda, Handá, \|Anda, Handádam, Handakwe-Dam, Handa-Khwe, Khwe-\|\|Ani, \|\|Anikhwe
CLASSIFICATION		Khoe, Kalahari
ORTHOGRAPHY		Roman-based
CODE AUTHORITY		ISO 639-3
LANGUAGE CODE		hnh
DOWNLOAD		As csv
MORE RESOURCES		OLAC search
ADDITIONAL COMMENTS		Khwe [xuu] and \|\|Ani [hnh] form a dialect cluster.

Compare Sources (10)

Information from: “The twelve modern Khoisan languages” . Matthias Brenzinger (2011)

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
1,000
Native speakers worldwide

PLACES: Botswana

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: "The approximately 1000 ǁAni, who call themselves ǁAnikhwe, live in the Okavango Pan Handle in Botswana, and for that reason were sometimes referred to as “River-Bushmen”."

Severely endangered

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available
A few hundred
Native speakers worldwide
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
"Only a few hundred ||Anikhwedam speaking community members (mostly elders) can still speak their language."

DOMAINS OF USE

TRANSMISSION

MORE ON VITALITY

"At these places I mentioned [||X'oakao, Ngarange, Mogotlho, !Haoxa and N|amacere], the language is still spoken by the elders but not the young people... Today most ||Anikhwe at home use their borrowed languages and do not practise their own language any more."

INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT

Teemacane Language Committee; Trust for Okavongo Cultural and Development Initiatives

OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY

Sekgalagadi

LANGUAGE CONTEXT COMMENTS

"At !Haoxa where the majority of the ||Anikhwe live, they have become Sekgalagadi speakers. This is very common to the ||Anikhwe today, to a point of almost changing their ethnicity."

Scripts (Writing system)

Roman-based

More on Orthography

"In 2001, the Khwe and ||Anikhwedam speaking communities came together with language experts and met in Windhoek to discuss their own language development... Both the Khwe and ||Anikhwe agreed to use the Cologne University's Khwe orthography, but with minor changes to make it more community friendly and to be able to be used on southern African keyboards."

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: "The ||Anikhwe are found today along the Okavongo Panhandle in Botswana at ||X'oakao, Ngarange, Mogotlho and some are south of the above-mentioned places at !Haoxa and N|amacere respectively... at Mababe, Tubu near Nokaneng, ||Anikhwe people could not even speak a single word of ||Anikhwedam."

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
1,000
Native speakers worldwide

PLACES: Botswana;

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
1,000
Native speakers worldwide

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
1,000
Native speakers worldwide

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
1,100
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
1300

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
<1,000
Native speakers worldwide
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
"Es wird zu beiden Seiten des Okavango nördlich des Okavango-Deltas von einer unbekannten Zahl von Personen - wahrscheinlich weniger als 1000 gesprochen."

PLACES: Namibia, Botswana

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Both sides of the Okavango Delta

Severely endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

DOMAINS OF USE

PLACES: Botswana

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Ngamiland North

ADDITIONAL COMMENTS: Villages, settlements, and towns: "Xwexwe, Xakao, Nxamasere"

OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY
LANGUAGE CONTEXT COMMENTS: "...the smaller languages like !Xóõ, Thimbukushu and ǁAni would prefer the use of Setswana as medium through which to receive information. Such positive attitudes towards Setswana would certainly contribute to the rapidity of language shift."

PLACES: Botswana

	Duisburger Arbeiten zur Sprach- und Kulturwissenschaft		2000	Where are the Khoesan of Botswana?	Botswana: the Future of the Minority Languages	13-31	Herman M. Batibo and Birgit Smieja	Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang	40				Sue Hasselbring	Sue Hasselbring. 2000. "Where Are the Khoesan of Botswana?" In Botswana: the Future of the Minority Languages, edited by Herman M. Batibo and Birgit Smieja. 40: 13-31. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.	HHOLD					With spouse; among children; to the chief, clinic workers					Severely Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)			14	Villages, settlements, and towns: "Xwexwe, Xakao, Nxamasere"	Botswana	Ngamiland North	-18.575233,21.983114
0199255911			2005	The World Atlas of Language Structures			Bernard Comrie and David Gil and Martin Haspelmath and Matthew S. Dryer	Oxford University Press		New York				2005. "The World Atlas of Language Structures." edited by Bernard Comrie et al. Oxford University Press.																		-18.9166666667,21.9166666667
		16	2009	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)			M. Paul Lewis	SIL International		Dallas, TX		http://www.ethnologue.com/		Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)	ll_pub		1,000	1000-9999							Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)					Botswana;
			2011	The twelve modern Khoisan languages	Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Khoisan Languages and Linguistics								Matthias Brenzinger	Matthias Brenzinger. 2011. "The Twelve Modern Khoisan Languages." In Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Khoisan Languages and Linguistics,			1,000	100-999							Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)					Botswana	"The approximately 1000 ǁAni, who call themselves ǁAnikhwe, live in the Okavango Pan Handle in Botswana, and for that reason were sometimes referred to as “River-Bushmen”."	-18.340187, 21.792755
		3rd	2010	Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger				UNESCO Publishing		Paris		http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas	Christopher Moseley (ed.)	Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)	ll_pub		1,000	1000-9999							Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)							-18.6462,22.1319
	Quellen zur Khoisan-Forschung, #5		1986	Zur Phonologie der //Ani-Sprache	Contemporary studies on Khoisan: in honour of Oswin Köhler on the occasion of his 75th birthday	321-345	Vossen, Rainer and Keuthmann, Klaus	Helmut Buske Verlag	v. 2	Hamburg			Vossen, Rainer	Rainer Vossen. 1986. "Zur Phonologie Der //Ani-Sprache." In Contemporary studies on Khoisan: in honour of Oswin Köhler on the occasion of his 75th birthday, edited by Rainer Vossen and Klaus Keuthmann. v. 2: 321-345. Helmut Buske Verlag.	EBALL		<1,000	100-999	"Es wird zu beiden Seiten des Okavango nördlich des Okavango-Deltas von einer unbekannten Zahl von Personen - wahrscheinlich weniger als 1000 gesprochen."						Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)					Namibia, Botswana	Both sides of the Okavango Delta
0-9538248-7-X			2005	Endangered Languages, Migration and Marginalisation of the \|\|Anikhwe	Creating Outsiders: Endangered Languages, Migration and Marginalisation: Proceedings of the Ninth FEL Conference, Stellenbosch, South Africa, 18-20 November 2005		Nigel Crawhall and Nicholas Ostler	Foundation for Endangered Languages		Bath			Soldier David Naude and Willemien le Roux	Soldier David Naude and Willemien le Roux. 2005. "Endangered Languages, Migration and Marginalisation of the \|\|Anikhwe." In Creating Outsiders: Endangered Languages, Migration and Marginalisation: Proceedings of the Ninth FEL Conference, Stellenbosch, South Africa, 18-20 November 2005, edited by Nigel Crawhall and Nicholas Ostler. Bath, Foundation for Endangered Languages.			A few hundred	100-999	"Only a few hundred \|\|Anikhwedam speaking community members (mostly elders) can still speak their language."		Sekgalagadi	"At !Haoxa where the majority of the \|\|Anikhwe live, they have become Sekgalagadi speakers. This is very common to the \|\|Anikhwe today, to a point of almost changing their ethnicity."	Teemacane Language Committee; Trust for Okavongo Cultural and Development Initiatives		Severely Endangered (80 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	14	"At these places I mentioned [\|\|X'oakao, Ngarange, Mogotlho, !Haoxa and N\|amacere], the language is still spoken by the elders but not the young people... Today most \|\|Anikhwe at home use their borrowed languages and do not practise their own language any more."	14			"The \|\|Anikhwe are found today along the Okavongo Panhandle in Botswana at \|\|X'oakao, Ngarange, Mogotlho and some are south of the above-mentioned places at !Haoxa and N\|amacere respectively... at Mababe, Tubu near Nokaneng, \|\|Anikhwe people could not even speak a single word of \|\|Anikhwedam."
				World Oral Literature Project								http://www.oralliterature.org		"World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.			1,000	1000-9999							Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)
9783110170498	Trends in Linguistics: Studies and Monographs		2007	Language Endangerment in Southern and Eastern Africa	Language Diversity Endangered	179-204	Matthias Brenzinger	Mouton de Gruyter		Berlin	9		Matthias Brenzinger	Brenzinger, Matthias. 2007. "Language Endangerment in Southern and Eastern Africa." In Language Diversity Endangered, edited by Matthias Brenzinger. 179-204. Mouton de Gruyter.		1300	1,100	1000-9999							Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)
	Duisburger Arbeiten zur Sprach-und Kulturwissenschaft		2000	Linguistic Barriers as a Hindrance to Information Flow: The Case of Botswana	Botswana: the Future of the Minority Languages	95-104	Herman M. Batibo and Birgit Smieja	Peter Lang		Düsseldorf, Germany			Herman M. Batibo and Naledi Mosaka	Herman M. Batibo and Naledi Mosaka. 2000. "Linguistic Barriers As a Hindrance To Information Flow: The Case of Botswana." In Botswana: the Future of the Minority Languages, edited by Herman M. Batibo and Birgit Smieja. 95-104. Peter Lang.						Radio	Setswana, English	"...the smaller languages like !Xóõ, Thimbukushu and ǁAni would prefer the use of Setswana as medium through which to receive information. Such positive attitudes towards Setswana would certainly contribute to the rapidity of language shift."		Setswana proficiency: 38.2%%; English: 9.4%%						Botswana

||Ani

Language metadata

Language information by source

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1,000

Severely endangered

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

A few hundred

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1,000

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1,000

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1,000

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1,100

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

<1,000

Severely endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

Discussion

||Ani

Language metadata

Language information by source

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1,000

Severely endangered

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

A few hundred

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1,000

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1,000

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1,000

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1,100

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

<1,000

Severely endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

Discussion

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