Endangered Languages Project

ALSO KNOWN AS		\|Gwi, G/wi, /Gwi, G\|wi
CLASSIFICATION		Khoe, Kalahari
CODE AUTHORITY		ISO 639-3
LANGUAGE CODE		gwj
VARIANTS & DIALECTS		Khute
DOWNLOAD		As csv
MORE RESOURCES		OLAC search
ADDITIONAL COMMENTS		\|Gui and \|\|Gana [gnk] form a dialect cluster.

Compare Sources (8)

Information from: “The twelve modern Khoisan languages” . Matthias Brenzinger (2011)

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
1,470
Native speakers worldwide

LANGUAGE CONTEXT COMMENTS: "In 1996, Hiroshi Nakagawa, started his long term research on the ǀGui language. In the CKGR, Nakagawa distinguished three dialect varieties spoken at different settlements. After the ǀGui were resettled in 1997, dialectal variants have most likely merged, as the majority of ǀGui speakers now live in one place, New Xade (Kxoensakene), which is also home to speakers of ǁGana (Nakagawa, p.c.)."

PLACES: Botswana (Ghanzi area)

ADDITIONAL COMMENTS: "Before 1997, ǀGui and ǁGana used to live in Xade and other settlements inside the Central Kalahari Game Reserve (CKGR). According to [Hiroshi] Nakagawa, ǀGui speakers in the mid-1990s were found scattered to 15 settlements. In April 2000, Akira Takada counted 1002 Gǀui and Gǁana at New Xade (Kxoenssakene)"

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
2,500
Native speakers worldwide
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
Data on speaker number: (R. Cook 2004)

PLACES: Botswana;

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
1,000
Native speakers worldwide

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
2,500
Native speakers worldwide

Vulnerable

40 percent certain, based on the evidence available
2,300
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
2300

SPEAKER NUMBER TRENDS

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
500
Native speakers worldwide

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: "The traditional area of the /Gwi and the //Gana is the Central Kalahari Game Reserve... Today we know that quite a few members of these groups live on or close to the Ghanzi farms."

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
Ethnic population
2,650-3,400

DATE OF INFO: 1995-1999

DOMAINS OF USE

MORE ON VITALITY

"The |Gui language appeared to have the greatest vitality in Khekhenya, Kweneng and settlements in Ghanzi than in other villages and settlements in Kweneng."

PLACES: Botswana

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Kweneng, Ghanzi

ADDITIONAL COMMENTS: Villages, settlements, and towns: "Khekhenya, Kacgae, Kgoesakaene, Kalahari Game Reserve, Kautwane, Inalegolo, Dutlwe, Lozi, Keng, Kokong… Mabutsane, Sekoma, Khudumelapye, Letlhakeng, Maboane, Magagarape, Motokwe, Salajwe, Takatokwane, Tsetseng, Tswaane"

Threatened

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available
769
Native speakers worldwide

DATE OF INFO: 1996-1998

DOMAINS OF USE
SPEAKER NUMBER TRENDS
TRANSMISSION
OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY
LANGUAGE CONTEXT COMMENTS: "Since G|ui and G||ana are mutually intelligible, communication between G|ui and G||ana speakers was usually conducted in such a way that a G|ui spoke G|ui and a G||ana spoke G||ana in a conversation."

PLACES: Botswana

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Central Kalahari Game Reserve, Ghanzi, and Kweneng districts

ADDITIONAL COMMENTS: "In accordance with Botswana Government policy to relocate all settlements in the CKGR, most of the G|ui residents in the Reserve moved to a new settlement outside the Reserve. The resettlement of residents in Xade started in May 1997 and ended in August 1997 (Sugawara 1998: 88). The area for resettlement is located on the northern side of the Xade-Ghanzi road about 70 km to the 13 west of Xade (see Figure 1.1). The new settlement is officially called 'New Xade.'"

	Duisburger Arbeiten zur Sprach- und Kulturwissenschaft		2000	Where are the Khoesan of Botswana?	Botswana: the Future of the Minority Languages	13-31		Herman M. Batibo and Birgit Smieja	Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang	40					Sue Hasselbring	Sue Hasselbring. 2000. "Where Are the Khoesan of Botswana?" In Botswana: the Future of the Minority Languages, edited by Herman M. Batibo and Birgit Smieja. 40: 13-31. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.	HHOLD	2,650-3,400		1995-1999					Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)		"The \|Gui language appeared to have the greatest vitality in Khekhenya, Kweneng and settlements in Ghanzi than in other villages and settlements in Kweneng."	13		Villages, settlements, and towns: "Khekhenya, Kacgae, Kgoesakaene, Kalahari Game Reserve, Kautwane, Inalegolo, Dutlwe, Lozi, Keng, Kokong… Mabutsane, Sekoma, Khudumelapye, Letlhakeng, Maboane, Magagarape, Motokwe, Salajwe, Takatokwane, Tsetseng, Tswaane"	Botswana	Kweneng, Ghanzi	-21.115249,23.761711
		16	2009	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)				M. Paul Lewis	SIL International		Dallas, TX			http://www.ethnologue.com/		Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)	ll_pub		2,500		1000-9999	Data on speaker number: (R. Cook 2004)			Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)						Botswana;
			2011	The twelve modern Khoisan languages	Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Khoisan Languages and Linguistics										Matthias Brenzinger	Matthias Brenzinger. 2011. "The Twelve Modern Khoisan Languages." In Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Khoisan Languages and Linguistics,			1,470		1000-9999			"In 1996, Hiroshi Nakagawa, started his long term research on the ǀGui language. In the CKGR, Nakagawa distinguished three dialect varieties spoken at different settlements. After the ǀGui were resettled in 1997, dialectal variants have most likely merged, as the majority of ǀGui speakers now live in one place, New Xade (Kxoensakene), which is also home to speakers of ǁGana (Nakagawa, p.c.)."	Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)					"Before 1997, ǀGui and ǁGana used to live in Xade and other settlements inside the Central Kalahari Game Reserve (CKGR). According to [Hiroshi] Nakagawa, ǀGui speakers in the mid-1990s were found scattered to 15 settlements. In April 2000, Akira Takada counted 1002 Gǀui and Gǁana at New Xade (Kxoenssakene)"	Botswana (Ghanzi area)		-22.121346, 22.416744
			1997	Khoisan groups and languages	Languages in Botswana: language ecology in southern Africa	123-142	Deals with Ju/’hoan, €Kx’au//’ein, Nama/Damara, Naro, /Gwi, //Gana, Kxoe, Shua, Tshwa, and !Xóõ.		Longman Botswana		Gaborone				Lars-Gunnar Andersson and Tore Janson	Lars-Gunnar Andersson and Tore Janson. 1997. "Khoisan Groups and Languages." In Languages in Botswana: language ecology in southern Africa, 123-142. Longman Botswana.	EBALL		500		100-999				Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)							"The traditional area of the /Gwi and the //Gana is the Central Kalahari Game Reserve... Today we know that quite a few members of these groups live on or close to the Ghanzi farms."
		3rd	2010	Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger					UNESCO Publishing		Paris			http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas	Christopher Moseley (ed.)	Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)	ll_pub		1,000		1000-9999				Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)								-21.8385,21.7858
			2006	Aspects of the phonetic and phonological structure of the G\|ui language			Discusses also G//ana, !Xoo, Ju/’hoansi, Kxoe, Nama, and Sandawe.						Univ. of the Witwatersrand	http://wiredspace.wits.ac.za/handle/10539/4517	Nakagawa, Hirosi	Hirosi Nakagawa. Aspects of the Phonetic and Phonological Structure of the G\|ui Language. PhD thesis, Univ. of the Witwatersrand, 2006. Online: http://wiredspace.wits.ac.za/handle/10539/4517.	EBALL		769	1996-1998	100-999		G\|\|ana, Sekgalagadi, Seswana, English, !Xóõ, ǂHoã, Naro, Tshela	"Since G\|ui and G\|\|ana are mutually intelligible, communication between G\|ui and G\|\|ana speakers was usually conducted in such a way that a G\|ui spoke G\|ui and a G\|\|ana spoke G\|\|ana in a conversation."	Threatened (100 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	11		13	12	"In accordance with Botswana Government policy to relocate all settlements in the CKGR, most of the G\|ui residents in the Reserve moved to a new settlement outside the Reserve. The resettlement of residents in Xade started in May 1997 and ended in August 1997 (Sugawara 1998: 88). The area for resettlement is located on the northern side of the Xade-Ghanzi road about 70 km to the 13 west of Xade (see Figure 1.1). The new settlement is officially called 'New Xade.'"	Botswana	Central Kalahari Game Reserve, Ghanzi, and Kweneng districts	-22.118722,22.415146
				World Oral Literature Project										http://www.oralliterature.org		"World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.			2,500		1000-9999				Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)
9783110170498	Trends in Linguistics: Studies and Monographs		2007	Language Endangerment in Southern and Eastern Africa	Language Diversity Endangered	179-204		Matthias Brenzinger	Mouton de Gruyter		Berlin	9			Matthias Brenzinger	Brenzinger, Matthias. 2007. "Language Endangerment in Southern and Eastern Africa." In Language Diversity Endangered, edited by Matthias Brenzinger. 179-204. Mouton de Gruyter.		2300	2,300		1000-9999				Vulnerable (40 percent certain, based on the evidence available)				10

|Gui

Language metadata

Language information by source

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1,470

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

2,500

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1,000

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

2,500

Vulnerable

40 percent certain, based on the evidence available

2,300

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

500

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

Threatened

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available

769

Discussion

|Gui

Language metadata

Language information by source

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1,470

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

2,500

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1,000

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

2,500

Vulnerable

40 percent certain, based on the evidence available

2,300

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

500

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

Threatened

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available

769

Discussion

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