Projet Langues en danger

ÉGALEMENT APPELÉ		N\|uu, N\|u, N/u, Khomani, ǂKhomani, /Nusan, =\|Khomani
CLASSIFICATION		Tuu, Kwi
CODE DE RÉFÉRENCECODE DE LANGUE		ISO 639-3
CODE DE LANGUE		ngh
VARIANTES ET DIALECTES		N\|uu \|\|'Au
TÉLÉCHARGER		En tant que csv
RESSOURCES SUPPLÉMENTAIRES		Recherche au sein de la communauté OLAC (Open Language Archives Community)

Compare Sources (12)

Informations incomplètes “Personal Communication on N||ng” . Matthias Brenzinger (2013)

En danger critique

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available
5
Locuteurs natifs dans le monde
SEMI-LOCUTEURS
Few
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
The last male speaker of N||ng passed away in March 2013. There are now five elderly female speakers: three sisters in Upington and two women in Olifantshoek. There are a few semi-speakers who remember words.

DATE OF INFO: 2013

DOMAINES D'UTILISATION

TENDANCES AU NIVEAU DES LOCUTEURS

TRANSMISSION

MORE ON VITALITY

All N||ng speakers use exclusively Afrikaans in their daily lives, and only speak N||ng a few times a year when brought together by linguists.

AUTRES LANGUES PARLÉES PAR LA COMMUNAUTÉ

Afrikaans

PLACES: South Africa

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Three speakers live in Upington and two live in Olifantshoek.

En grand danger

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
12
Locuteurs natifs dans le monde
Communauté ethnique
500
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
12 (2005 Crawhall), decreasing. Ethnic population: 500 (1998 Nigel Crawhall, South African San Institute)

DATE OF INFO: 2005

PLACES: South Africa;

0
Locuteurs natifs dans le monde

En danger critique

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available
<20
Locuteurs natifs dans le monde
Communauté ethnique
600
ENFANTS
0
JEUNES ADULTES
0
ADULTES
0
PERSONNES ÂGÉES
Less than 20

TRANSMISSION

En danger critique

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available
<10
Locuteurs natifs dans le monde
ENFANTS
0
JEUNES ADULTES
0
ADULTES
0
PERSONNES ÂGÉES
<10

TRANSMISSION

PLACES: South Africa

En danger critique

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available
Just a few elders
Locuteurs natifs dans le monde
ENFANTS
0
JEUNES ADULTES
0
ADULTES
0

TENDANCES AU NIVEAU DES LOCUTEURS
TRANSMISSION
AUTRES LANGUES PARLÉES PAR LA COMMUNAUTÉ
COMMENTAIRES SUR LE CONTEXTE DE LA LANGUE: "All N|uu speakers have shifted to a primary mode of communication of Afrikaans."

En danger critique

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available
<10
Locuteurs natifs dans le monde

TRANSMISSION

En danger critique

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available
7
Locuteurs natifs dans le monde
SEMI-LOCUTEURS
3

DATE OF INFO: 2011

DOMAINES D'UTILISATION

TRANSMISSION

MORE ON VITALITY

"These speakers, who are all elderly people, no longer use N||ng in their daily lives. They communicate in N||ng, however, when brought together by linguists and activists, which happened quite often in the last couple of years. In addition, there are three semi-speakers of N||ng (one at each of the above mentioned places [Upington, Andriesvale, and Olifantshoek]), who are no longer fluent in the language, but still remember lexical items and a few phrases."

PLACES: South Africa

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: "Four [speakers] stay in the vicinity of Upington, two in the Andriesvale area and one in Olifantshoek."

En danger critique

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available
11
Locuteurs natifs dans le monde

TRANSMISSION
ATTITUDE DES LOCUTEURS: Mixed
COMMENTAIRES SUR LE CONTEXTE DE LA LANGUE: "Three N|u speaking elders confirmed that the primary perceived cause of language loss was ecological. The farmers, who controlled their lives and welfare, were hostile to them. Their language was stigmatised along with their identity. They were like immigrants suddenly surrounded by a foreign tongue and living amongst other people, even though they were still present on their ancestral lands... There was not a shift in values or identity for the old people. The world changed under their feet and there was no obvious reason to teach the language to their children. None of the elders ever confided to me that it was a strategy of theirs to hide their culture and language from the children. Nonetheless, this was the cumulative effect."

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: "Spoken by eleven elderly people in Siyanda district in the Kalahari Desert of South Africa and across the border in Kgalagadi District of Botswana."

En grand danger

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
10
Locuteurs natifs dans le monde

En danger critique

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
8
Locuteurs natifs dans le monde

En grand danger

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
<20
Locuteurs natifs dans le monde

		March		2013	Personal Communication on N\|\|ng										Matthias Brenzinger	Matthias Brenzinger. 2013. "Personal Communication On N\|\|ng."					5	2013	1-9	The last male speaker of N\|\|ng passed away in March 2013. There are now five elderly female speakers: three sisters in Upington and two women in Olifantshoek. There are a few semi-speakers who remember words.	Few		All	Afrikaans			All	Critically Endangered (100 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	15	All N\|\|ng speakers use exclusively Afrikaans in their daily lives, and only speak N\|\|ng a few times a year when brought together by linguists.	15	15	South Africa	Three speakers live in Upington and two live in Olifantshoek.	-27.935574, 22.734146; -28.446959, 21.270905;
				2007	"A text documentation of N\|uu" HRELP Abstract									http://www.hrelp.org/grants/projects/index.php?projid=131	Güldemann, Tom	GÃ¼ldemann, Tom. 2007. ""A Text Documentation of N\|uu" HRELP Abstract." Online: http://www.hrelp.org/grants/projects/index.php?projid=131.		0		0	<10		1-9			<10						Critically Endangered (60 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	15				South Africa
			3rd	2010	Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger				UNESCO Publishing			Paris		http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas	Christopher Moseley (ed.)	Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)	ll_pub				8		1-9									Critically Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)							-26.0105,20.363
		August		2008	Peter K Austin's top 10 endangered languages					The Guardian				http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2008/aug/27/endangered.languages	Peter Austin	Austin, Peter. 2008. "Peter K Austin's Top 10 Endangered Languages." In The Guardian, Online: http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2008/aug/27/endangered.languages.					<10		10-99									Critically Endangered (60 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	15
			16	2009	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)			M. Paul Lewis	SIL International			Dallas, TX		http://www.ethnologue.com/		Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)	ll_pub		500		12	2005	10-99	12 (2005 Crawhall), decreasing. Ethnic population: 500 (1998 Nigel Crawhall, South African San Institute)								Severely Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)					South Africa;
				2011	The twelve modern Khoisan languages	Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Khoisan Languages and Linguistics									Matthias Brenzinger	Matthias Brenzinger. 2011. "The Twelve Modern Khoisan Languages." In Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Khoisan Languages and Linguistics,					7	2011	1-9		3							Critically Endangered (80 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	15	"These speakers, who are all elderly people, no longer use N\|\|ng in their daily lives. They communicate in N\|\|ng, however, when brought together by linguists and activists, which happened quite often in the last couple of years. In addition, there are three semi-speakers of N\|\|ng (one at each of the above mentioned places [Upington, Andriesvale, and Olifantshoek]), who are no longer fluent in the language, but still remember lexical items and a few phrases."	15		South Africa	"Four [speakers] stay in the vicinity of Upington, two in the Andriesvale area and one in Olifantshoek."	-27.935574, 22.734146; -28.446959, 21.270905; -26.902936, 20.683308
9780520255609				2008	One Thousand Languages: Living, Endangered, and Lost				University of California						Peter Austin	Austin, Peter. 2008. "One Thousand Languages: Living, Endangered, and Lost." University of California.					<20		10-99									Severely Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)
0-9538248-7-X				2005	The Story of !Ui: Causality and Language Shift in Africa	Creating Outsiders: Endangered Languages, Migration and Marginalisation: Proceedings of the Ninth FEL Conference, Stellenbosch, South Africa, 18-20 November 2005		Nigel Crawhall and Nicholas Ostler	Foundation for Endangered Languages			Bath			Nigel Crawhall	Nigel Crawhall. 2005. "The Story of !Ui: Causality and Language Shift in Africa." In Creating Outsiders: Endangered Languages, Migration and Marginalisation: Proceedings of the Ninth FEL Conference, Stellenbosch, South Africa, 18-20 November 2005, edited by Nigel Crawhall and Nicholas Ostler. Bath, Foundation for Endangered Languages.					11		10-99						Mixed	"Three N\|u speaking elders confirmed that the primary perceived cause of language loss was ecological. The farmers, who controlled their lives and welfare, were hostile to them. Their language was stigmatised along with their identity. They were like immigrants suddenly surrounded by a foreign tongue and living amongst other people, even though they were still present on their ancestral lands... There was not a shift in values or identity for the old people. The world changed under their feet and there was no obvious reason to teach the language to their children. None of the elders ever confided to me that it was a strategy of theirs to hide their culture and language from the children. Nonetheless, this was the cumulative effect."		Critically Endangered (60 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	15					"Spoken by eleven elderly people in Siyanda district in the Kalahari Desert of South Africa and across the border in Kgalagadi District of Botswana."
				2007	The Lexicon in Language Attrition: The Case of N\|uu		55-65	Doris L. Payne and Jaime Peña	Cascadilla Press	Selected Proceedings of the 37th Annual Conference on African Linguistics		Somerville		http://www.lingref.com/cpp/acal/37/paper1595.pdf	Bonny Sands and Amanda L. Miller and Johanna Brugman	Sands, Bonny, Amanda L. Miller and Johanna Brugman. 2007. "The Lexicon in Language Attrition: The Case of N\|uu." In Selected Proceedings of the 37th Annual Conference on African Linguistics, edited by Doris L. Payne and Jaime Peña. Somerville, 55-65. Cascadilla Press. Online: http://www.lingref.com/cpp/acal/37/paper1595.pdf.		0		0	Just a few elders		10-99					Afrikaans, Khoekhoegowab, Setswana		"All N\|uu speakers have shifted to a primary mode of communication of Afrikaans."	All	Critically Endangered (80 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	15			15
	Multilingual Matters			2005	Language decline and death in Africa: causes, consequences and challenges				Multilingual Matters		132	Buffalo			Herman M. Batibo	Herman M. Batibo. 2005. "Language Decline and Death in Africa: Causes, Consequences and Challenges." 132: Multilingual Matters.	HHOLD				0
					World Oral Literature Project									http://www.oralliterature.org		"World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.					10		10-99									Severely Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)
9783110170498	Trends in Linguistics: Studies and Monographs			2007	Language Endangerment in Southern and Eastern Africa	Language Diversity Endangered	179-204	Matthias Brenzinger	Mouton de Gruyter			Berlin	9		Matthias Brenzinger	Brenzinger, Matthias. 2007. "Language Endangerment in Southern and Eastern Africa." In Language Diversity Endangered, edited by Matthias Brenzinger. 179-204. Mouton de Gruyter.		0	600	0	<20		10-99			Less than 20						Critically Endangered (60 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	15

N||ng

Métadonnées relatives aux langues

Forum consacré à la documentation linguistique

En danger critique

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available

5

En grand danger

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

12

0

En danger critique

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available

<20

En danger critique

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available

<10

En danger critique

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

Just a few elders

En danger critique

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available

<10

En danger critique

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

7

En danger critique

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available

11

En grand danger

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

10

En danger critique

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

8

En grand danger

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

<20

Discussion

N||ng

Métadonnées relatives aux langues

Forum consacré à la documentation linguistique

En danger critique

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available

5

En grand danger

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

12

0

En danger critique

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available

<20

En danger critique

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available

<10

En danger critique

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

Just a few elders

En danger critique

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available

<10

En danger critique

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

7

En danger critique

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available

11

En grand danger

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

10

En danger critique

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

8

En grand danger

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

<20

Discussion

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Sources d'informations

Autres