濒危语言项目

别称		Rushani, Rushan, Oroshani, Roshni, Roashani
语系		Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Eastern Iranian
ORTHOGRAPHY		none
注册机构代码		LINGUIST List
语言代码		sgh-rus
下载		文件格式： csv
其他评论		Ethnologue has Rushani (Rushan, Roshani, Oroshani) as a dialect of Shughni, along with Bartangi (Bartang), Oroshor (Roshorvi), Khufi (Khuf, Chuf), Shughni (Shugan, Shugnan, Shighni, Khugni). It says Khufi and Bartangi dialects may be separate languages, and Oroshani may be separate from Rushani.

Compare Sources (4)

信息不完整 “A Sociolinguistic Assessment of the Roshani Speech Variety in Afghanistan” . Simone Beck (2013) University of Hawai'i Press

易危

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available
~25,000
全球范围内以此语言为母语的人
更多关于使用语言人数的信息
"[The authors] estimate that about 7,000 Roshani speakers live in Afghanistan. In addition to these, there are about 18,000 speakers of the Roshani speech variety living in twelve villages in Tajikistan."

信息日期: 2007

使用领域

传承情况

更多关于活力的信息

"The vitality of the Roshani speech variety is very high. All the children in the community learn Roshani as their first language and it is their only language until they start school. Roshani is the only language used in the home and in the community. [...] The vast majority of the respondents hold the opinion that Roshani will continue to be the language used mostly by their children and grandchildren."

使用者态度

Very positive

该群体使用的其他语言

Dari
Shughni

手写稿、文字系统和正字法

none

正字法

"Roshani is a spoken language only. No written material exists in Roshani."

地点: Afghanistan; Tajikistan

地点描述: "The Roshan area is located in the Northern part of the Shighnān district. This district is located in Northeast of Badakhshan province, which is the most North-Eastern province of Afghanistan [...] Roshan consists of six villages, five of them located on the bank of the river Panj that forms the border to Tajikistan [...] While in Roshan, we were told of a small Roshani population in a side valley of the Plain of Sheva called ‘Little Sheva’ (between Shighnān and Faizabad). [...] Roshani is also spoken in Tajikistan, across the river Panj."

其他评论: Coordinates are for Roshan villages visited by author.

民族人口
5,300
更多关于使用语言人数的信息
Data concerning the Roshani population is to be found in the official list of the towns and villages in the Tadzhik SSR (Stalinabad 1932) -- there were 5,838 inhabitants in Roshan, including 653 in the village of Khufi and 424 in Baju. According to A. Dyakov, about 2,000 to 3,000 people lived in Afghanistan's Roshan on the left bank of the River Pyandzh. According to records from 1939, 5,300 Roshani lived in the Tadzhik SSR.

信息日期: 1939

手写稿、文字系统和正字法: none
正字法: The Roshani language exists only in spoken form; textual examples are scarce.

地点描述: The Roshanis live in the Pamirs in the Roshani District of the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region of the Tadzhik SSR, north of the Shughni domain. The centre is Kalai-Vomar, also called Roshan. The Roshani-speaking villages are situated on the right bank of the Pyandzh River between the villages of Akhdzev (Yakhdzev) and Shipad. Roshani is also spoken in the villages of the lower Bartang (Yemts, Baghu and Rid). In the 1950s about one hundred Roshani families were resettled to the Djilikul and Kumsagir villages in the Vakh valley, despite the fact that natural conditions in Roshani are conducive to agriculture -- sufficient arable land as well as orchards and good pastures exists.

易危

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available
18,000
全球范围内以此语言为母语的人
更多关于使用语言人数的信息
Speaker count is only for Tajikistan.

信息日期: 2003

使用领域

使用者趋势

传承情况

更多关于活力的信息

"Use of the vernacular is strong and exclusive in certain domains in all locations. First, the vernacular is universally used as the main language in the home. It is always the first language learned by children and is, generally, the language of greatest fluency for all. The vernacular is always the language used for unofficial situations, that is, in normal everyday personal contact not associated with any public occasion or regulatory authority... use of the vernacular is at least stable in the community, and perhaps increasing."

使用者态度

Mixed

该群体使用的其他语言

Tajik
Russian

语言环境评论

"Tajik is used in official situations, such as in public gatherings or meetings... Russian is used at work and in official situations by a small minority of respondents, such as medical staff and teachers of the Russian language...

Several respondents expressed negative attitudes when asked directly about their attitudes to the vernacular... One respondent told us, ‘Rushani gets us nowhere.’... Every respondent considered the vernacular to be important or very important for communication and all but one respondent considered the vernacular important or very important for being a good member of one’s family... Thus, while answers to direct questions on the value of the vernacular resulted in negative opinions, questions using the perceived benefit model or other questions revealed that at an underlying level, respondents consider their language to be important and value its maintenance among the younger generation."

手写稿、文字系统和正字法

Tajik-based

正字法

"Our research indicates that almost all existing vernacular written materials for the Rushani group dialects can be categorized as technical or popular. Not everyone we spoke to was aware of the existence of any vernacular materials. Some respondents claimed that no books exist in the vernacular, or even that the languages have no alphabet and are impossible to read or write... The above-mentioned materials in the vernacular, by and large, use orthographies developed by linguists, which differ in some respects from the Tajik and Russian alphabets in that they contain additional characters that are unfamiliar to non-linguists. Several of our respondents reported difficulties in reading these orthographies... Despite unfamiliarity with the official alphabet, it appears that the vernacular is being written, using spontaneous orthographies based on the Tajik alphabet."

地点: Tajikistan; Afghanistan

地点描述: "Spoken along the Panj River from the village of Shipad in the north, through the Shidz and Barushon administrative districts, with their villages, as far as the regional centre Vomar (also called Kalai-Vomar or Rūshon); then further on to Pastkhuf in the south; also along the lower reaches of the Bartang River as far as the village of Jizev."

	2012	LL-MAP (Language and Location: A Map Accessibility Project)					Institute for Language Information and Technology	Eastern Michigan University	http://llmap.org	Anthony Aristar and Helen Aristar-Dry and Yichun Xie	Anthony Aristar, Helen Aristar-Dry and Yichun Xie. 2012. "LL-MAP (Language and Location: A Map Accessibility Project)." Online: http://llmap.org.																			38.078286, 71.585492
	2013	A Sociolinguistic Assessment of the Roshani Speech Variety in Afghanistan		University of Hawai'i Press	Language Documentation & Conservation	7			http://hdl.handle.net/10125/4606	Simone Beck	Simone Beck. 2013. "A Sociolinguistic Assessment of the Roshani Speech Variety in Afghanistan." In Language Documentation & Conservation, 7: University of Hawai'i Press. Online: http://hdl.handle.net/10125/4606.		~25,000	2007	10000-99999	"[The authors] estimate that about 7,000 Roshani speakers live in Afghanistan. In addition to these, there are about 18,000 speakers of the Roshani speech variety living in twelve villages in Tajikistan."	Dari for education, religion, travel, trade, reading, government; Dari and Pashto in schools; Dari in religious activities; Dari and Pashto on the radio	Dari, Shughni	Very positive		Almost all	Vulnerable (80 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	10	"The vitality of the Roshani speech variety is very high. All the children in the community learn Roshani as their first language and it is their only language until they start school. Roshani is the only language used in the home and in the community. [...] The vast majority of the respondents hold the opinion that Roshani will continue to be the language used mostly by their children and grandchildren."	12		Coordinates are for Roshan villages visited by author.	Afghanistan; Tajikistan	"The Roshan area is located in the Northern part of the Shighnān district. This district is located in Northeast of Badakhshan province, which is the most North-Eastern province of Afghanistan [...] Roshan consists of six villages, five of them located on the bank of the river Panj that forms the border to Tajikistan [...] While in Roshan, we were told of a small Roshani population in a side valley of the Plain of Sheva called ‘Little Sheva’ (between Shighnān and Faizabad). [...] Roshani is also spoken in Tajikistan, across the river Panj."	37.751667,71.538333;37.838333,71.583056;37.875833,71.593333;37.913333,71.450278;37.898611,71.378889;37.923611,71.286389
	2010	Literacy and the Vernacular in Tajik Badakhshan: Research in Rushani, Khufi, Bartangi, and Roshorvi					SIL International		http://gamma.sil.org/silesr/2010/silesr2010-015.pdf	Elisabeth Abbess and Katja Müller and Daniel Paul and Calvin Tiessen and Gabriela Tiessen	Elisabeth Abbess, Katja Müller, Daniel Paul, Calvin Tiessen and Gabriela Tiessen. 2010. "Literacy and the Vernacular in Tajik Badakhshan: Research in Rushani, Khufi, Bartangi, and Roshorvi." Online: http://gamma.sil.org/silesr/2010/silesr2010-015.pdf.		18,000	2003	10000-99999	Speaker count is only for Tajikistan.	Tajik for official situations, workplace, religious services	Tajik, Russian	Mixed	"Tajik is used in official situations, such as in public gatherings or meetings... Russian is used at work and in official situations by a small minority of respondents, such as medical staff and teachers of the Russian language... Several respondents expressed negative attitudes when asked directly about their attitudes to the vernacular... One respondent told us, ‘Rushani gets us nowhere.’... Every respondent considered the vernacular to be important or very important for communication and all but one respondent considered the vernacular important or very important for being a good member of one’s family... Thus, while answers to direct questions on the value of the vernacular resulted in negative opinions, questions using the perceived benefit model or other questions revealed that at an underlying level, respondents consider their language to be important and value its maintenance among the younger generation."	Many have at least limited proficiency in Tajik; fewer have any proficiency in Russian	Vulnerable (100 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	10	"Use of the vernacular is strong and exclusive in certain domains in all locations. First, the vernacular is universally used as the main language in the home. It is always the first language learned by children and is, generally, the language of greatest fluency for all. The vernacular is always the language used for unofficial situations, that is, in normal everyday personal contact not associated with any public occasion or regulatory authority... use of the vernacular is at least stable in the community, and perhaps increasing."	11	10		Tajikistan; Afghanistan	"Spoken along the Panj River from the village of Shipad in the north, through the Shidz and Barushon administrative districts, with their villages, as far as the regional centre Vomar (also called Kalai-Vomar or Rūshon); then further on to Pastkhuf in the south; also along the lower reaches of the Bartang River as far as the village of Jizev."
9985-936922	1993	The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire	Andrew Humphreys and Krista Mits						http://www.eki.ee/books/redbook		"The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire." edited by Andrew Humphreys and Krista Mits. Online: http://www.eki.ee/books/redbook.	5,300		1939		Data concerning the Roshani population is to be found in the official list of the towns and villages in the Tadzhik SSR (Stalinabad 1932) -- there were 5,838 inhabitants in Roshan, including 653 in the village of Khufi and 424 in Baju. According to A. Dyakov, about 2,000 to 3,000 people lived in Afghanistan's Roshan on the left bank of the River Pyandzh. According to records from 1939, 5,300 Roshani lived in the Tadzhik SSR.													The Roshanis live in the Pamirs in the Roshani District of the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region of the Tadzhik SSR, north of the Shughni domain. The centre is Kalai-Vomar, also called Roshan. The Roshani-speaking villages are situated on the right bank of the Pyandzh River between the villages of Akhdzev (Yakhdzev) and Shipad. Roshani is also spoken in the villages of the lower Bartang (Yemts, Baghu and Rid). In the 1950s about one hundred Roshani families were resettled to the Djilikul and Kumsagir villages in the Vakh valley, despite the fact that natural conditions in Roshani are conducive to agriculture -- sufficient arable land as well as orchards and good pastures exists.

Rushani

语言元数据

语言文献论坛

易危

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

~25,000

易危

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available

18,000

讨论