Endangered Languages Project

ALSO KNOWN AS		Pilinara, Bunara, Boonarra,Bilinara
CLASSIFICATION		Pama-Nyungan, Ngumpin-Yapa
CODE AUTHORITY		LINGUIST List
LANGUAGE CODE		nbj-bil
DOWNLOAD		As csv

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Information from: “A Grammar of Bilinarra : An Australian Aboriginal Language of the Northern Territory” (1-558) . Felicity Meakins, Rachel Nordlinger (2013) De Gruyter, Inc

Critically endangered

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available
1
Native speakers worldwide

DATE OF INFO: 2013

DOMAINS OF USE

SPEAKER NUMBER TRENDS

TRANSMISSION

MORE ON VITALITY

In 2013, Bilinarra has only one ﬁrst-language speaker and is not being learned by children. Nonetheless, many aspects of Bilinarra are being maintained in language mixing. The most common language practice of middle-aged Bilinarra people is code-switching between Bilinarra and Kriol. This code-switching has fossilised into a mixed language which resembles the Gurindji Kriol spoken at Kalkaringi (McConvell 2008; McConvell and Meakins 2005; Meakins 2008a, 2011c, 2012). This is the main language spoken by Bilinarra people under the age of 35.

Meakins, Felicity, and Rachel Nordlinger. A Grammar of Bilinarra : An Australian Aboriginal Language of the Northern Territory, De Gruyter, Inc., 2013. ProQuest Ebook Central

Severely endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
10
Native speakers worldwide

				2011	How many languages were spoken in Australia?		Also includes subsequent additions by CB directly into ElCat				http://anggarrgoon.files.wordpress.com/2011/12/austlangs-masterlanguagelist-dec2011.xlsx	Claire Bowern	Claire Bowern. 2011. "How Many Languages Were Spoken in Australia?" Online: http://anggarrgoon.files.wordpress.com/2011/12/austlangs-masterlanguagelist-dec2011.xlsx.										-17.26732129,130.8928481
					Austlang: Australian Indigenous Languages Database			AIATSIS		Canberra	http://austlang.aiatsis.gov.au		AUSTLANG: Australian Indigenous Languages Database. (19 October, 2009.)	ll_pub	10		10-99	Severely Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)
9781614512745	Pacific Linguistics [PL]	December	1	2013	A Grammar of Bilinarra : An Australian Aboriginal Language of the Northern Territory	1-558		De Gruyter, Inc	640			Felicity Meakins, Rachel Nordlinger			1	2013	1-9	Critically Endangered (100 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	15	In 2013, Bilinarra has only one ﬁrst-language speaker and is not being learned by children. Nonetheless, many aspects of Bilinarra are being maintained in language mixing. The most common language practice of middle-aged Bilinarra people is code-switching between Bilinarra and Kriol. This code-switching has fossilised into a mixed language which resembles the Gurindji Kriol spoken at Kalkaringi (McConvell 2008; McConvell and Meakins 2005; Meakins 2008a, 2011c, 2012). This is the main language spoken by Bilinarra people under the age of 35. Meakins, Felicity, and Rachel Nordlinger. A Grammar of Bilinarra : An Australian Aboriginal Language of the Northern Territory, De Gruyter, Inc., 2013. ProQuest Ebook Central	14	15	-17.26732129,130.8928481

Bilinarra

Language metadata

Language information by source

Critically endangered

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1

Severely endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

10

Discussion

Bilinarra

Language metadata

Language information by source

Critically endangered

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1

Severely endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

10

Discussion

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