Endangered Languages Project

ALSO KNOWN AS		Lalo, Lalopa, Laluo, Misapa, Xishanba Lalo, 中臘羅語
CLASSIFICATION		Sino-Tibetan, Lolo-Burmese
CODE AUTHORITY		ISO 639-3
LANGUAGE CODE		ywt
DOWNLOAD		As csv
MORE RESOURCES		OLAC search

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Information from: “Lalo Regional Varieties: Phylogeny, Dialectrometry, and Sociolinguistics” . Cathryn Yang (2010)

Vulnerable

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available
300,000
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
500,000

DATE OF INFO: 2008

DOMAINS OF USE
SPEAKER NUMBER TRENDS
TRANSMISSION
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT: no official government support
INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT: Lalo sometimes used informally in schools where there is high concentration of Lalo students.
OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY

PLACES: China

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Spoken in the following counties in western Yunnan, from the greatest number of speakers to the fewest: Weishan, Nanjian, Jingdong, Yongping, Yangbi, Changning, and Midu.

Threatened

40 percent certain, based on the evidence available
<250,000
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
>500,000
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
Has also been called ‘Menghua Lolo’ in the older literature. Within (la21 lu33) there are several varieties, which Chinese linguists categorize into eastern and western dialects.

SPEAKER NUMBER TRENDS

MORE ON VITALITY

Many of those living further west, south or east do not speak the language; less than half speakers, not all fluent and not many children.

PLACES: Yunnan, China

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Southwestern Dali Prefecture. The core Lalo area is Nanjian and Weishan counties.

At risk

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
300,000
Native speakers worldwide

At risk

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
500,000
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
<800,000

PLACES: China

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Yunnan Province: Dali, Chuxiong, and Baoshan prefectures. Field site for this grammar was Longjie Township in Weishan County. Longjie had about 10,000 residents, 95%% Lalo.

Threatened

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available
213,000
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
500,000
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
Speaker number data (2010 SIL)

DATE OF INFO: 2007

DOMAINS OF USE

SPEAKER NUMBER TRENDS

TRANSMISSION

MORE ON VITALITY

In many areas it is extinct or severely endangered; vital in some areas where parents teach their children and use it in most domains. High bilingualism in Chinese [cmn], especially among young people.

PLACES: China

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: West Yunnan Province, in Weishan, Fengqing, Midu, Changning, Jingdong, Nanjian, Yangbi, and Yunlong counties

0199255911		2005	The World Atlas of Language Structures			Bernard Comrie and David Gil and Martin Haspelmath and Matthew S. Dryer	Oxford University Press	New York				2005. "The World Atlas of Language Structures." edited by Bernard Comrie et al. Oxford University Press.																		25.0,100.25
	16	2009	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)			M. Paul Lewis	SIL International	Dallas, TX		http://www.ethnologue.com/		Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)	ll_pub	500,000	213,000	2007	100000	Speaker number data (2010 SIL)				Most speak Mandarin Chinese	Threatened (100 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	12	In many areas it is extinct or severely endangered; vital in some areas where parents teach their children and use it in most domains. High bilingualism in Chinese [cmn], especially among young people.	13	13	China	West Yunnan Province, in Weishan, Fengqing, Midu, Changning, Jingdong, Nanjian, Yangbi, and Yunlong counties	25.227212, 100.307175; 24.580424, 99.92846; 24.82785, 99.605138; 25.04351, 100.509036; 25.670148, 99.958015; 25.885662, 99.371048
91-628-3138-0		1998	A Grammar of Lalo				Department of East Asian Languages, Lund University		Lunds Universitet		Susanna Björverud	Björverud, Susanna. A Grammar of Lalo. PhD thesis, Lunds Universitet, 1998.	HHOLD	<800,000	500,000		100000						At risk (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)					China	Yunnan Province: Dali, Chuxiong, and Baoshan prefectures. Field site for this grammar was Longjie Township in Weishan County. Longjie had about 10,000 residents, 95%% Lalo.
		2010	Lalo Regional Varieties: Phylogeny, Dialectrometry, and Sociolinguistics						LaTrobe University		Cathryn Yang	Cathryn Yang. Lalo Regional Varieties: Phylogeny, Dialectrometry, and Sociolinguistics. PhD thesis, LaTrobe University, 2010.		500,000	300,000	2008	100000		Yunnan Mandarin	no official government support	Lalo sometimes used informally in schools where there is high concentration of Lalo students.		Vulnerable (100 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	11		11	11	China	Spoken in the following counties in western Yunnan, from the greatest number of speakers to the fewest: Weishan, Nanjian, Jingdong, Yongping, Yangbi, Changning, and Midu.
		2007	East and Southeast Asia	Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages	349-424	C. Moseley	London & New York: Routledge				David Bradley	Bradley, David. 2007. "East and Southeast Asia." In Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages, edited by C. Moseley. 349-424. London & New York: Routledge.	HHOLD	>500,000	<250,000		100000	Has also been called ‘Menghua Lolo’ in the older literature. Within (la21 lu33) there are several varieties, which Chinese linguists categorize into eastern and western dialects.					Threatened (40 percent certain, based on the evidence available)		Many of those living further west, south or east do not speak the language; less than half speakers, not all fluent and not many children.		13	Yunnan, China	Southwestern Dali Prefecture. The core Lalo area is Nanjian and Weishan counties.
			World Oral Literature Project							http://www.oralliterature.org		"World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.			300,000		100000						At risk (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)

Central Lalo

Language metadata

Language information by source

Vulnerable

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available

300,000

Threatened

40 percent certain, based on the evidence available

<250,000

At risk

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

300,000

At risk

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

500,000

Threatened

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available

213,000

Discussion

Central Lalo

Language metadata

Language information by source

Vulnerable

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available

300,000

Threatened

40 percent certain, based on the evidence available

<250,000

At risk

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

300,000

At risk

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

500,000

Threatened

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available

213,000

Discussion

Suggest information or improvement

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Sources of information

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