Phalura
[aka Palūla, Palola, Dangarīk]Classification: Indo-European
·vulnerable
Classification: Indo-European
·vulnerable
Palūla, Palola, Dangarīk, Palula, Phalulo, Dangarik, Biyori, Dardu |
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Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Northwestern Zone |
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ISO 639-3 |
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phl |
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As csv |
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Information from: “Towards a grammatical description of Palula: An Indo-Aryan language of the Hindu Kush” . Henrik Liljegren (2008)
"Palula is almost exclusively used among people who speak Palula as their first language. Within the Biori and Ashret Valleys, it is in most cases the only language in communicative use, and there are very few native speakers of other languages residing in those locations." (p. 40)
Khowar; Pashto; Urdu
Urdu is the official language and medium for instruction while Pashto is the provincial language where the Palula live. Khowar is used with non-Palulu speakers in Chitral whereas Pashto is used with non-Khowar speakers in the province.
The Palula mainly dwell in the Ashret and the Biori valleys, located in the southern part of Chitral district, North-West Frontier Province, Pakistan. Scattered settlements are also found in Purigal, Kalkatak and Badrugal where the vitality of Palula is decreasing.
Information from: “Dardestān ii. Language” . Edel'man, D.I. (1994)
The eastern subgroup includes Kashmiri in the Kashmir valley; Shina in the districts of Gilgit and Tangir, north of Kashmir; Phalura (or Palola) and the closely related Sawi; and a number of languages and dialects sometimes referred to generally as Kōhestānī (lit., “of the mountains”) in the Indus, Swat, and Panjkora basins: Maiyan (so called by native speakers but Kōhestānī by others) with the Kanywali dialect, Torwali, and Bashkarik (or Diri, known in another dialect variant as Garwi).
part of Nūrestān and adjacent areas along the Kabul river and its tributaries in the mountain region that encompasses northeastern Afghanistan, northern Pakistan, and northwestern India
Information from: “Dardic” (818-894) . Elena Bashir (2003) , George Cardona and Dhanesh Jain · London & New York: Routledge
Southern Chitral, in the villages of Ashret, Kalkatak, Byori, Ghos, and Purigal
Information from: “Glottolog” .
Information from: “Language policy, multilingualism and language vitality in Pakistan” (73-106) . Tariq Rahman (2006) , Anju Saxena and Lars Borin · Mouton de Gruyter
"Other small languages, Yidgha, Phalura and Gawar-bati, are also losing their vitality."
"7 villages near Drosh, Chitral possibly 1 village in Dir Kohistan"