Ormuri
[alias Ormari, Warmaro, Oormuri]Klassifizierung: Indo-European
·sicher gefährdet
Klassifizierung: Indo-European
·sicher gefährdet
Ormari, Warmaro, Oormuri, Urmuri, Ormur, Ormui, Bargista, Baraks, Baraki, Burki |
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Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Eastern Iranian |
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ISO 639-3 |
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oru |
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Als csv |
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Informationen von: “Conflict, Displacement, and the Implications for Warmaro/Ormari Language” (140-161) . Khan Zeb and Abdullah Wazir (2020) , Muhammad Makki and Aizah Azam and Syed Ali Akash and Faryal Khan · NUST Press
"The rehabilitation, rebuilding of the infrastructure and the provision of economic and social opportunities at Kaniguram can facilitate the preservation of the Ormari language. The delay in the rehabilitation process is expected to speed up the rate of decline – ultimately converting this endangered language into an
extinct one."
"The research reveals that before the displacement, more than 74 percent of the survey respondents spoke Ormari in their home while the remaining spoke Pashto. However, the percentage of the Ormari speaking families has declined to 70.5 at the time the data was gathered. The language loss is increased by almost 3.5 percent, showing an alarming threat to Ormari language... Since the tribes surrounding the Burki are Pashto speakers, the
inter-tribal marriages have posed challenges to the survival and purity of Ormari language. The children in these cases prefer to communicate in Pashto... The participants believe that displacement has affected their language and thus, a sharp decline can be observed in Warmaro speaking families. Figure 9.2 shows the ratio of Ormari speakers as 70.5 percent and non-Ormari speakers as 29.5 percent. As the study did not investigate which language replaced Ormari, further research is needed to uncover this aspect."
Pashto
Farsi
Punjabi
Urdu
"The Burkis/Ormars of Lahore and Jalander speak Punjabi and/or Urdu whereas those living in Peshawar (Ormar Bala, Ormar Miana and Ormar Payan) speak Pashto. Similarly, Ormari in Logar, Afghanistan, could not sustain its existence against the dominant local languages, i.e. Pashto and Persian (Baraki, 1999)... The Burki are multilingual adopting the surrounding language(s) as the second language."
"The Burki tribe inhabits a densely populated city in the heart of South Waziristan — Kaniguram, which is 7000 feet above the sea level (Ahmed, 2010). A small percentage of non-Burkis (mostly Mehsud) also live in the upper
part of the city (upper Kaniguram)... The town [of Kaniguram], being the only place where the Ormari/Warmaro language is spoken, has preserved it against the dominant Pashto language of the region for centuries. But the displacement following the conflict dispersed the Kaniguram’s population to the settled districts of Pakistan, such as Tank, Dera Ismail Khan, Peshawar, and Karachi (Oborne, 2014), where Pashto or Urdu serves as the dominant language in use."
Informationen von: “Language policy, multilingualism and language vitality in Pakistan” (73-106) . Tariq Rahman (2006) , Anju Saxena and Lars Borin · Mouton de Gruyter
"Kaniguram (south Waziristan) some in Afghanistan"
Informationen von: “AFGHANISTAN v. Languages” . Kieffer, Charles M. (1982)
Ōrmuṛī, Moḡolī, and Uiḡur are rapidly becoming extinct.
Pashto; Persian
Changes in the economic and socio-cultural situation have already upset their status to the point where their very existence is questionable. The Ōrmuṛ have forgotten their geographic origin and abandoned the religious traditions of the Rōšanīya of Bāyazīd Anṣārī (see EI2 I, pp. 1121-24), which distinguished them from neighboring ethnic groups and gave their clan language the prerogatives of a secret language. Beaten back by the imperatives of economic and technical development, they will soon have no choice but to join the ranks of the Paṧtūn or the Tajiks who own the land, control the bazaars, and hold the key administrative positions.
South of the Hindu Kush watershed
Informationen von: “Parachi and Ormuri” . Georg Morgenstierne (1973) Oslo: Universitetsforlaget
"Din Muhammad said that he was one of the few persons in Barak-i Barak still speaking pure Ormuri, and this statement agreed fairly well with what had been told me by my first informant."
Kaniguram is spoken by a comparatively strong community in an isolated part of the rugged Waziristan hills, surrounded only by culturally and socially unimportant Pashto dialects. Logar, on the other hand, is a dialect that is rapidly dying out.
Persian; Pashto
Barak/Logar and Waziristan
Informationen von: “Glottolog” .
Informationen von: “The World Atlas of Language Structures” . Bernard Comrie and David Gil and Martin Haspelmath and Matthew S. Dryer · Oxford University Press
Informationen von: “Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)” . M. Paul Lewis · SIL International
1,000 in Pakistan (2000 J. Owens). Population total all countries: 1,050.
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Isbn | Series | Month | Edition | Num | Year | Title | Booktitle | Pages | Note | Editor | Howpublished | Publisher | Journal | Volume | Address | Institution | Chapter | Translator | School | Url | Author | Free Text Citation | Copied From | Older Adults | Ethnic Population | Young Adults | Private Comment | Speaker Number Text | Date Of Info | Speaker Number | Public Comment | Semi Speakers | Elders | Second Language Speakers | Domains Other Langs | Other Languages Used | Private Comment | Government Support | Speaker Attitude | Public Comment | Institutional Support | Number Speaker Other Languages | Endangerment Level | Transmission | Private Comment | Public Comment | Domains Of Use | Speaker Number Trends | Private Comment | Public Comment | Places | Description | Coordinates |
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QUELLE: “The World Atlas of Language Structures” . , Bernard Comrie and David Gil and Martin Haspelmath and Matthew S. Dryer · Oxford University Press |
QUELLE: “Language policy, multilingualism and language vitality in Pakistan” (73-106) . Tariq Rahman (2006) , Anju Saxena and Lars Borin · Mouton de Gruyter |
QUELLE: “Conflict, Displacement, and the Implications for Warmaro/Ormari Language” (140-161) . Khan Zeb and Abdullah Wazir (2020) , Muhammad Makki and Aizah Azam and Syed Ali Akash and Faryal Khan · NUST Press |
QUELLE: “AFGHANISTAN v. Languages” . Kieffer, Charles M. (1982) |
QUELLE: “Parachi and Ormuri” . Georg Morgenstierne (1973) Oslo: Universitetsforlaget |
0199255911 | 2005 | The World Atlas of Language Structures | Bernard Comrie and David Gil and Martin Haspelmath and Matthew S. Dryer | Oxford University Press | New York | 2005. "The World Atlas of Language Structures." edited by Bernard Comrie et al. Oxford University Press. | 32.5,69.75 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
16 | 2009 | Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009) | M. Paul Lewis | SIL International | Dallas, TX | http://www.ethnologue.com/ | Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.) | ll_pub | 1,050 | 2000 | 1000-9999 | 1,000 in Pakistan (2000 J. Owens). Population total all countries: 1,050. | Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available) | Afghanistan; Pakistan | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2006 | Language policy, multilingualism and language vitality in Pakistan | Lesser-known languages of South Asia: status and policies, case studies and applications of information technology | 73-106 | Anju Saxena and Lars Borin | Mouton de Gruyter | Berlin | Tariq Rahman | Tariq Rahman. 2006. "Language Policy, Multilingualism and Language Vitality in Pakistan." In Lesser-known languages of South Asia: status and policies, case studies and applications of information technology, edited by Anju Saxena and Lars Borin. 73-106. Mouton de Gruyter. | ~3,000 | 1000-9999 | Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available) | Pakistan; Afghanistan | "Kaniguram (south Waziristan) some in Afghanistan" | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
978-969-8535-62-9 | 2020 | Conflict, Displacement, and the Implications for Warmaro/Ormari Language | Forced Migration and Conflict-Induced Displacement: Impacts and Prospective Responses | 140-161 | Muhammad Makki and Aizah Azam and Syed Ali Akash and Faryal Khan | NUST Press | National University of Sciences and Technology | Khan Zeb and Abdullah Wazir | "The rehabilitation, rebuilding of the infrastructure and the provision of economic and social opportunities at Kaniguram can facilitate the preservation of the Ormari language. The delay in the rehabilitation process is expected to speed up the rate of decline – ultimately converting this endangered language into an extinct one." | Pashto, Farsi, Punjabi, Urdu | "The Burkis/Ormars of Lahore and Jalander speak Punjabi and/or Urdu whereas those living in Peshawar (Ormar Bala, Ormar Miana and Ormar Payan) speak Pashto. Similarly, Ormari in Logar, Afghanistan, could not sustain its existence against the dominant local languages, i.e. Pashto and Persian (Baraki, 1999)... The Burki are multilingual adopting the surrounding language(s) as the second language." | Endangered (40 percent certain, based on the evidence available) | "The research reveals that before the displacement, more than 74 percent of the survey respondents spoke Ormari in their home while the remaining spoke Pashto. However, the percentage of the Ormari speaking families has declined to 70.5 at the time the data was gathered. The language loss is increased by almost 3.5 percent, showing an alarming threat to Ormari language... Since the tribes surrounding the Burki are Pashto speakers, the inter-tribal marriages have posed challenges to the survival and purity of Ormari language. The children in these cases prefer to communicate in Pashto... The participants believe that displacement has affected their language and thus, a sharp decline can be observed in Warmaro speaking families. Figure 9.2 shows the ratio of Ormari speakers as 70.5 percent and non-Ormari speakers as 29.5 percent. As the study did not investigate which language replaced Ormari, further research is needed to uncover this aspect." | 13 | 12 | Pakistan; | "The Burki tribe inhabits a densely populated city in the heart of South Waziristan — Kaniguram, which is 7000 feet above the sea level (Ahmed, 2010). A small percentage of non-Burkis (mostly Mehsud) also live in the upper part of the city (upper Kaniguram)... The town [of Kaniguram], being the only place where the Ormari/Warmaro language is spoken, has preserved it against the dominant Pashto language of the region for centuries. But the displacement following the conflict dispersed the Kaniguram’s population to the settled districts of Pakistan, such as Tank, Dera Ismail Khan, Peshawar, and Karachi (Oborne, 2014), where Pashto or Urdu serves as the dominant language in use." | 32.515296, 69.781122; | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3rd | 2010 | Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger | UNESCO Publishing | Paris | http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas | Christopher Moseley (ed.) | Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.) | ll_pub | 1,000 | 1000-9999 | Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available) | 32.518,69.783 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1982 | AFGHANISTAN v. Languages | Encyclopaedia Iranica, Online Edition | http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/afghanistan-v-languages | Kieffer, Charles M. | Charles M. Kieffer. 1982. "AFGHANISTAN V. Languages." In Encyclopaedia Iranica, Online Edition, Online: http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/afghanistan-v-languages. | <100 | 10-99 | Pashto; Persian | Changes in the economic and socio-cultural situation have already upset their status to the point where their very existence is questionable. The Ōrmuṛ have forgotten their geographic origin and abandoned the religious traditions of the Rōšanīya of Bāyazīd Anṣārī (see EI2 I, pp. 1121-24), which distinguished them from neighboring ethnic groups and gave their clan language the prerogatives of a secret language. Beaten back by the imperatives of economic and technical development, they will soon have no choice but to join the ranks of the Paṧtūn or the Tajiks who own the land, control the bazaars, and hold the key administrative positions. | Severely Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available) | Ōrmuṛī, Moḡolī, and Uiḡur are rapidly becoming extinct. | Afghanistan | South of the Hindu Kush watershed | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Glottolog | http://www.glottolog.org/glottolog/ | "Glottolog." Online: http://www.glottolog.org/glottolog/. | 32.692403, 69.286792 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
World Oral Literature Project | http://www.oralliterature.org | "World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org. | 1,050 | 1000-9999 | Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Indo-Iranian Frontier Languages | 2 | 1973 | Parachi and Ormuri | Oslo: Universitetsforlaget | 1 | Georg Morgenstierne | Morgenstierne, Georg. 1973. "Parachi and Ormuri." 1: Oslo: Universitetsforlaget. | HHOLD | 1924 | "Din Muhammad said that he was one of the few persons in Barak-i Barak still speaking pure Ormuri, and this statement agreed fairly well with what had been told me by my first informant." | Persian; Pashto | Kaniguram is spoken by a comparatively strong community in an isolated part of the rugged Waziristan hills, surrounded only by culturally and socially unimportant Pashto dialects. Logar, on the other hand, is a dialect that is rapidly dying out. | Barak/Logar and Waziristan |