Endangered Languages Project

ALSO KNOWN AS		Tiling, Tilling, Tilung Blama
CLASSIFICATION		Sino-Tibetan, Kiranti
ORTHOGRAPHY		no
CODE AUTHORITY		ISO 639-3
LANGUAGE CODE		tij
VARIANTS & DIALECTS		Dorunkecha Choskule
DOWNLOAD		As csv
MORE RESOURCES		OLAC search

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Information from: “A phonological study of Tilung: An endangered language of Nepal” (143-150) . Rai, Vishnu S (2012)

Critically endangered

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available
7
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
2000
ELDERS
7
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
"only 7 elderly people above 60 could speak their language fluently. People over 40 could speak the language with the heavy borrowing (mostly nouns) from Nepali." (p. 143)

DATE OF INFO: 2002 (2058 V.S.)

DOMAINS OF USE

SPEAKER NUMBER TRENDS

TRANSMISSION

MORE ON VITALITY

"only 7 elderly people above 60 could speak their language fluently. People over 40 could speak the language with the heavy borrowing (mostly nouns) from Nepali, the youth from 30-40 can understand some Tilung but the young generation below 30 neither speaks the language nor understands it. Children do not learn the language because young parents do not speak the language and the elderly parents tend to use the language only when they do not want their children to know what they are talking about." (p. 143)

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OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY

Nepali

LANGUAGE CONTEXT COMMENTS

All Tilung speakers are bilingual in Nepali and Nepali already became the mother tongue of younger generations.

Scripts (Writing system)

PLACES: Nepal

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: "in small hamlets scattered in the different 7 wards of Chyasmitar Village Development Committee (VDC) in the Khotang district. "

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
310
Native speakers worldwide

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
310
Native speakers worldwide
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
Speaker number data: 2001 census

PLACES: Nepal

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Sagarmatha zone, Halesidanda Range, outer west Khotang District, between Dudhkosi and Sunkosi

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
310
Native speakers worldwide

PLACES: Nepal

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Khoṭāṅ district.

3rd	2010	Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger					UNESCO Publishing			Paris		http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas	Christopher Moseley (ed.)	Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)	ll_pub		310		100-999									Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)							27.1501,86.5077
	2012	A phonological study of Tilung: An endangered language of Nepal		143-150		online		Nepalese Linguistics	27			http://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/nepling/pdf/Nep_Ling_27.pdf	Rai, Vishnu S	Rai, Vishnu S. 2012. A phonological study of Tilung: An endangered language of Nepal. Nepalese Linguistics 27: 143-150.		2000	7	2002 (2058 V.S.)	1-9	"only 7 elderly people above 60 could speak their language fluently. People over 40 could speak the language with the heavy borrowing (mostly nouns) from Nepali." (p. 143)	7	all	Nepali	no	All Tilung speakers are bilingual in Nepali and Nepali already became the mother tongue of younger generations.	no	all	Critically Endangered (100 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	15	"only 7 elderly people above 60 could speak their language fluently. People over 40 could speak the language with the heavy borrowing (mostly nouns) from Nepali, the youth from 30-40 can understand some Tilung but the young generation below 30 neither speaks the language nor understands it. Children do not learn the language because young parents do not speak the language and the elderly parents tend to use the language only when they do not want their children to know what they are talking about." (p. 143)	15	15	Nepal	"in small hamlets scattered in the different 7 wards of Chyasmitar Village Development Committee (VDC) in the Khotang district. "
	2007	South Asia and the Middle East	Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages	289-348	Christopher Mosely		London and NewYork: Routledge				4		George Van Driem	Driem, George Van. 2007. "South Asia and the Middle East." In Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages, edited by Christopher Mosely. 289-348. London and NewYork: Routledge.																			Nepal	Khoṭāṅ district.
		World Oral Literature Project										http://www.oralliterature.org		"World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.			310		100-999									Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)
16	2009	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)			M. Paul Lewis		SIL International			Dallas, TX		http://www.ethnologue.com/		Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)	ll_pub		310		100-999	Speaker number data: 2001 census								Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)					Nepal	Sagarmatha zone, Halesidanda Range, outer west Khotang District, between Dudhkosi and Sunkosi

Tilung

Language metadata

Language information by source

Critically endangered

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available

7

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

310

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

310

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

310

Discussion

Tilung

Language metadata

Language information by source

Critically endangered

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available

7

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

310

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

310

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

310

Discussion

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