Mono (Democratic Republic of the Congo)
[别称 Amono,]语系:Niger-Congo
·易危
语系:Niger-Congo
·易危
信息不完整 “The phonology of Mono” (310) . Olson, Kenneth S. (2005) SIL International
"Despite pressure from other languages, particularly Lingala, Mono language use remains vigorous, and it does not appear that Mono is in danger of extinction in the near future. In fact, Fultz and Morgan (1986) observe an increase in the use of Mono in that several villages which used to speak Yapka, Togbo, or Kpagua now speak Mono. All in all, the attitude of Mono speakers towards their language is positive. Mono remains the language that children learn first at home, and Lingala is normally not learned until a child goes to school."
Lingala
French
Gobu
Togbo
Ngbaka-Minagende
Ngbandi
Sango
"In the Bili region, it is not uncommon for a Mono speaker to be multilingual, to different degrees, in several other languages. These languages include Lingala, French, other Banda languages in the region (Gobu, Togbo, and Langbasi), Ngbaka-Minagende, Ngbandi, and Sango. Lingala... is understood by many people [and] speaking the language is considered prestigious. It is used in contact situations with Bantu-speaking groups such as the Ngombe to the south, in governmental situations, and in primary school... French is spoken by some Mono people... but it is certainly less than the percentage proficient in Lingala."
"Mono is spoken in five distinct regions of northwestern DRC. The Mono people identify these five regions as each having a distinct dialect: Bili, Bubanda, Mpaka, Galaba, and Kaga. The first two regions are in the Bosobolo Zone, whereas the last three are in the Libenge zone."
信息不完整 “Mono” . Kenneth S. Olson (2004)
"Mono speakers consider [the Bili variety] to be the most prestigious variety of the language."
"The orthography... was approved by the Mono volunteer language development committee in 1994."
"Mono is a Banda language spoken in the northwestern corner of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). It is part of the larger Adamawa-Ubangi language family... [this article examines] the variety of the language spoken in Bili, Bosobolo Zone, DRC."
信息不完整 “Mono 2000-item digital wordlist: presentation form” . Mbanza, Ama Geangozo and Huttar, Lars and Kuntz, Judy and Liedtke, Marjorie and Olson, Kenneth S. and Olson, Roger E. and Schrag, Barbara and Schrag, Brian E. and Tembenekuzo, Kilio (2010) SIL International
"spoken [...] in the northwestern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo"
信息不完整 “Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)” . M. Paul Lewis · SIL International
Data for the number of native speakers comes from the 1984 census.
Lingala
Sango
Most also use Lingala [lin] or Sango [sag].
Literacy rate in L2: Low in Lingala, women below 10%%.
Equateur Province, Nord Ubangi, Bosobolo Territory; some in Libenge Territory. Bili is center.
其他 |
---|
Isbn | Series | Month | Edition | Num | Year | Title | Booktitle | Pages | Note | Editor | Howpublished | Publisher | Journal | Volume | Address | Institution | Chapter | Translator | School | Url | Author | Free Text Citation | Copied From | Older Adults | Ethnic Population | Young Adults | Private Comment | Speaker Number Text | Date Of Info | Speaker Number | Public Comment | Semi Speakers | Elders | Second Language Speakers | Domains Other Langs | Other Languages Used | Private Comment | Government Support | Speaker Attitude | Public Comment | Institutional Support | Number Speaker Other Languages | Endangerment Level | Transmission | Private Comment | Public Comment | Domains Of Use | Speaker Number Trends | Private Comment | Public Comment | Places | Description | Coordinates |
---|
来源: “The phonology of Mono” (310) . Olson, Kenneth S. (2005) SIL International |
来源: “Mono 2000-item digital wordlist: presentation form” . Mbanza, Ama Geangozo and Huttar, Lars and Kuntz, Judy and Liedtke, Marjorie and Olson, Kenneth S. and Olson, Roger E. and Schrag, Barbara and Schrag, Brian E. and Tembenekuzo, Kilio (2010) SIL International |
来源: “Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)” . , M. Paul Lewis · SIL International |
World Oral Literature Project | http://www.oralliterature.org | "World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org. | 65,000 | 10000-99999 | Vulnerable (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Publ. in linguistics, #140 | 2005 | The phonology of Mono | 310 | SIL International | Dallas | Olson, Kenneth S. | Olson, Kenneth S. 2005. "The Phonology of Mono." 310. SIL International. | EBALL | 62102 | 10000-99999 | School (Lingala), government (Lingala), contact with non-Mono people | Lingala, French, Gobu, Togbo, Ngbaka-Minagende, Ngbandi, Sango | Positive | "In the Bili region, it is not uncommon for a Mono speaker to be multilingual, to different degrees, in several other languages. These languages include Lingala, French, other Banda languages in the region (Gobu, Togbo, and Langbasi), Ngbaka-Minagende, Ngbandi, and Sango. Lingala... is understood by many people [and] speaking the language is considered prestigious. It is used in contact situations with Bantu-speaking groups such as the Ngombe to the south, in governmental situations, and in primary school... French is spoken by some Mono people... but it is certainly less than the percentage proficient in Lingala." | Many | Vulnerable (100 percent certain, based on the evidence available) | 10 | "Despite pressure from other languages, particularly Lingala, Mono language use remains vigorous, and it does not appear that Mono is in danger of extinction in the near future. In fact, Fultz and Morgan (1986) observe an increase in the use of Mono in that several villages which used to speak Yapka, Togbo, or Kpagua now speak Mono. All in all, the attitude of Mono speakers towards their language is positive. Mono remains the language that children learn first at home, and Lingala is normally not learned until a child goes to school." | 11 | 10 | Democratic Republic of Congo | "Mono is spoken in five distinct regions of northwestern DRC. The Mono people identify these five regions as each having a distinct dialect: Bili, Bubanda, Mpaka, Galaba, and Kaga. The first two regions are in the Bosobolo Zone, whereas the last three are in the Libenge zone." | 4.561495,19.936788;4.233175,19.633248;4.116563,19.2162;3.983365,19.016592;3.975231, 18.661423 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Language and culture documentation and description, #6 | 2010 | Mono 2000-item digital wordlist: presentation form | “The wordlist includes orthographic and broad phonetic transcriptions of each word, English and French glosses, MP3 and WAV recordings of each item, GIF images of the original field transcriptions, and metadata for resource discovery” (from the abtract). | SIL International | Dallas | Mbanza, Ama Geangozo and Huttar, Lars and Kuntz, Judy and Liedtke, Marjorie and Olson, Kenneth S. and Olson, Roger E. and Schrag, Barbara and Schrag, Brian E. and Tembenekuzo, Kilio | Ama Geangozo Mbanza, Lars Huttar, Judy Kuntz, Marjorie Liedtke, Kenneth S. Olson, Roger E. Olson, Barbara Schrag, Brian E. Schrag and Kilio Tembenekuzo. 2010. "Mono 2000-item Digital Wordlist: Presentation Form." SIL International. | EBALL | 65000 | 10000-99999 | Vulnerable (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available) | Democratic Republic of the Congo | "spoken [...] in the northwestern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo" | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Illustrations of the IPA | 34 | 2004 | Mono | Journal of the International Phonetic Association | 2 | http://www.sil.org/acpub/repository/Olson2004.pdf | Kenneth S. Olson | Kenneth S. Olson. 2004. "Mono." In Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 2: Online: http://www.sil.org/acpub/repository/Olson2004.pdf. | "Mono speakers consider [the Bili variety] to be the most prestigious variety of the language." | "Mono is a Banda language spoken in the northwestern corner of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). It is part of the larger Adamawa-Ubangi language family... [this article examines] the variety of the language spoken in Bili, Bosobolo Zone, DRC." | Democratic Republic of Congo | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
16 | 2009 | Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009) | M. Paul Lewis | SIL International | Dallas, TX | http://www.ethnologue.com/ | Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.) | ll_pub | 65,000 | 1984 | 10000-99999 | Data for the number of native speakers comes from the 1984 census. | Lingala, Sango | Most also use Lingala [lin] or Sango [sag]. | Most | Vulnerable (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available) | Democratic Republic of the Congo; | Equateur Province, Nord Ubangi, Bosobolo Territory; some in Libenge Territory. Bili is center. | 4.562393, 19.937169 |