Endangered Languages Project

ALSO KNOWN AS		Malo, Tamabo
CLASSIFICATION		Austronesian, Malayo-Polynesian, Oceanic, Northern Vanuatu
CODE AUTHORITY		ISO 639-3
LANGUAGE CODE		mla
VARIANTS & DIALECTS		Ataripoe Avunatari
DOWNLOAD		As csv
MORE RESOURCES		OLAC search

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Information from: “Tamambo, the language of west Malo, Vanuatu” . D. Jauncey (2011) Canberra: Pacific Linguistics

Vulnerable

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available
3,000-4,000
Native speakers worldwide

DATE OF INFO: 2011

DOMAINS OF USE

SPEAKER NUMBER TRENDS

TRANSMISSION

MORE ON VITALITY

Some children can be found who are first language Bislama speakers, but this is still quite rare.

OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY

Bislama
English

LANGUAGE CONTEXT COMMENTS

Bislama influence is strong. Much of the east coast has been settled by outsiders, resulting in localized language loss. The west coast, where most Tamambo is spoken today, is strongly influenced by Bislama, but it does not seem to be replacing Tamambo in the west.

4000
Native speakers worldwide

PLACES: Vanuatu

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Espiritu Santo, Malo

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
1,500
Native speakers worldwide

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
4,000
Native speakers worldwide
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
Data for the number of native speakers comes from Lynch and Crowley (2001).

PLACES: Vanuatu;

				World Oral Literature Project						http://www.oralliterature.org		"World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.		1,500		1000-9999				Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)
	Studies in the Languages of Island Melanesia		2015	The exceptional linguistic density of Vanuatu	The Languages of Vanuatu: Unity and Diversity	1–21	Alexandre François, Sebastien Lacrampe, Michael Franjieh, and Stefan Schnell	Asia Pacific Linguistics Open Access	Canberra	http://hdl.handle.net/1885/14819	Alexandre François, Michael Franjieh, Sebastien Lacrampe, and Stefan Schnell	Alexandre François, Michael Franjieh, Sebastien Lacrampe, and Stefan Schnell. 2015. The exceptional linguistic density of Vanuatu. In "The Languages of Vanuatu: Unity and Diversity", ed. by Alexandre François, Sebastien Lacrampe, Michael Franjieh, and Stefan Schnell. Studies in the Languages of Island Melanesia, 5. Canberra: Asia Pacific Linguistics Open Access. Pp. 1–21. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/14819		4000											Vanuatu	Espiritu Santo, Malo	-15.669966,167.167122;
			2011	Tamambo, the language of west Malo, Vanuatu				Canberra: Pacific Linguistics			D. Jauncey		HHOLD	3,000-4,000	2011	1000-9999		Bislama, English	Bislama influence is strong. Much of the east coast has been settled by outsiders, resulting in localized language loss. The west coast, where most Tamambo is spoken today, is strongly influenced by Bislama, but it does not seem to be replacing Tamambo in the west.	Vulnerable (100 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	10	Some children can be found who are first language Bislama speakers, but this is still quite rare.	12	11
0199255911			2005	The World Atlas of Language Structures			Bernard Comrie and David Gil and Martin Haspelmath and Matthew S. Dryer	Oxford University Press	New York			2005. "The World Atlas of Language Structures." edited by Bernard Comrie et al. Oxford University Press.															-15.6666666667,167.166666667
		16	2009	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)			M. Paul Lewis	SIL International	Dallas, TX	http://www.ethnologue.com/		Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)	ll_pub	4,000		1000-9999	Data for the number of native speakers comes from Lynch and Crowley (2001).			Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)					Vanuatu;

Tamambo

Language metadata

Language information by source

Vulnerable

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available

3,000-4,000

4000

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1,500

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

4,000

Discussion

Tamambo

Language metadata

Language information by source

Vulnerable

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available

3,000-4,000

4000

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1,500

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

4,000

Discussion

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Sources of information

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