"It is reported that the young people in the villages use the vernacular more than other languages. However, they use Indonesian along with the vernacular. People generally have a positive attitude toward Indonesian, as they can use it to communicate better with people outside of their own language group."

"In the Kanum speaking areas, the villagers speak Kanum with their parents, spouses, siblings, friends, in the fields, and during traditional ceremonies. The domains in which they speak Indonesian are in the village’s representative meetings, in church, during prayer, at the clinic, or for public announcements."