Chinook Wawa
[aka Chinook Jargon, Chinook Pidgin, Chinuk Wawa]Classification: Pidgin or Creole
·critically endangered
Classification: Pidgin or Creole
·critically endangered
Chinook Jargon, Chinook Pidgin, Chinuk Wawa, Jargon, činúk wáwa |
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Pidgin or Creole, Chinook based |
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ISO 639-3 |
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chn |
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As csv |
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A pidgin (trade language), formerly used from Oregon to Alaska. |
Information from: “Chinuk Wawa” (149-157 ch. 17) . Grant, Anthony P. (2013) , Michaelis, Susanne Maria, Philippe Maurer, Martin Haspelmath, and Magnus Huber · Oxford University Press
"One native speaker of Grand Ronde variety (2009); maybe 1,000 people with L2 knowledge (via oral or written means)"
Washington, Oregon, and British Columbia
"The region where Chinuk Wawa was used comprises at least most of Washington State (especially the area west of the Cascade Mountains), western parts of Oregon and of southern British Columbia, and later (and less densely) also the British Columbian coast as far as south-eastern Alaska, eastern Oregon, northern and western parts of Idaho and western Montana, and the northernmost tier of western counties in California."
Information from: “Chinuk Wawa / kakwa nsayka ulman-tilixam laska munk-kemteks nsayka / As Our Elders Teach Us to Speak It” . The Chinuk Wawa Dictionary Project (2012) University of Washington Press
Chinuk Wawa is a hybrid lingua franca consisting of simplified Chinookan, combined with contributions from Nuuchahnulth (Nootkan), Canadian French, English, and other languages.
Chinuk Wawa originated on the lower Columbia River, where it once was the predominant medium of intertribal and interethnic communication.
Information from: “Endangered Languages of the United States” (108-130) . Christopher Rogers, Naomi Palosaari and Lyle Campbell (2010) , Christopher Moseley · UNESCO
Information from: “North America” (7-41) . Victor Golla and Ives Goddard and Lyle Campbell and Marianne Mithun and Mauricio Mixco (2008) , Chris Moseley and Ron Asher · Routledge
Still occasionally used by a few.
Oregon, Pacific Northwest
Information from: “Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 19th Edition (2016)” . Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig · SIL International
English
Oregon: Polk and Yamhill counties, Grand Ronde reservation.
Information from: “Confederated Tribes of Grand Ronde Language Program” . Heritage Languages in America
The Confederated Tribes of Grand Ronde Language Program offers: preschool immersion classes, partial immersion opportunities for kindergarten students, an after-school bilingual language program (K-5), and adult language classes offered for university credit.
1st and 2nd grade curricula for blended immersion classroom settings are also under development.
Information from: “Chaku-Kəmdəks Chinuk Wawa” . Eric Bernando
Chinuk Wawa is spoken and taught by a few members of the the Confederated Tribes of Grand Ronde in Oregon USA. Classes are offered in Chinuk Wawa at Lane Community College in Eugene and Portland Community College.