Endangered Languages Project

ALSO KNOWN AS		Chákobo, Chacobo, Shinabo, Chakobo-Pakawara
CLASSIFICATION		Pano-Tacanan, Mainline
ORTHOGRAPHY		Based on Spanish
CODE AUTHORITY		ISO 639-3
LANGUAGE CODE		cao
VARIANTS & DIALECTS		Chácobo Pacahuara Yateño?
DOWNLOAD		As csv
MORE RESOURCES		OLAC search
ADDITIONAL COMMENTS		Ethnologue (2009, 2016) lists Shinabo [snh] as an separate Panoan language related to Chákobo (Chácobo), listed as unattested; others consider it a variety of Chákobo. Several sources distinguish Chácobo [cao] and Pacahuara [pcp] (Pacaguara, Pakaguara, Pakawara, Pacawara); however, they are dialects of a single language (Fleck 2013).

Compare Sources (7)

Information from: “Pano meridional” (29-69 ch. Pano meridional) . Córdoba, Lorena, Pilar M. Valenzuela y Diego Villar (2012) , Mily Crevels and Pieter Muysken · : Plural Editores

Vulnerable

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available
~1000
Native speakers worldwide
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
"los chacobos son alrededor de un millar" (p. 29)

TRANSMISSION

MORE ON VITALITY

"los niños son monolingües hasta alcanzar la edad escolar. Los adultos son en buena parte bilingües (más los varones que las mujeres" (p. 29).
[the children are monolingual until they reach school age. The adults are in large parte bilingual (more the men than the women)].

PLACES: Bolivia

ADDITIONAL COMMENTS: Most in Tierra Comunitaria del Origen 'Chacobo-Pacaguara'

Vulnerable

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available
1,200-1,400 total; 300-400 in Riberalta
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
1,600-2,000

DOMAINS OF USE
SPEAKER NUMBER TRENDS
TRANSMISSION
SPEAKER ATTITUDE: Few non-Chákobo are permitted to live in their villages
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT: an official language of Bolivia
INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT: Chákobo Institute of Language and Culture
OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY
Scripts (Writing system): Based on Spanish
More on Orthography: Chákobo from the Alto Ivon, Cachuelita, and Motacusal communities have basic literacy skills, but those from the Yata community are illiterate.

PLACES: On or near the rivers of Geneshuaya, Ivon, Benicito, and Yata in the Tierra Comunitaria de Origen (TCO) of Beni in the northern Bolivian Amazon; some relocation to Riberalta, Bolivia since the 1990s

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
550
Native speakers worldwide

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
567
Native speakers worldwide
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
Chácobo [cao]: 550 (2000 SIL). 275 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 1,090 (2006 PIB). L2 users: Bolivian non-Chacobo children at Alto Ivon learn Chácobo.
Pacahuara [pcp]: 17 (Adelaar 2000). Ethnic population: 18 (Adelaar 2000).

PLACES: Bolivia

ADDITIONAL COMMENTS: Chácobo: Northwest Beni, south of Riberalta on Alto Ivon River, Alto Ivon, Nuevo Mojos, California, Núcleo, Motacusal, Siete Almendros, Cayuses.
Pacahuara: Beni Department, Vaca Díez province, near the Chácobo community of Alto Ivon.

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
550
Native speakers worldwide

0199255911			2005	The World Atlas of Language Structures			Bernard Comrie and David Gil and Martin Haspelmath and Matthew S. Dryer	Oxford University Press	New York					2005. "The World Atlas of Language Structures." edited by Bernard Comrie et al. Oxford University Press.																	-12.1666666667,-66.75
		2nd edition	2010	Highland South America and the Caribbean	Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger of Disappearing		Christopher Moseley	UNESCO	Paris, France				Willem Adelaar and Gustavo Solis Fonseca	Adelaar, Willem and Gustavo Solis Fonseca. 2010. "Highland South America and the Caribbean." In Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger of Disappearing, edited by Christopher Moseley. UNESCO.																	-11.3454,-65.8135
		3rd	2010	Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger				UNESCO Publishing	Paris			http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas	Christopher Moseley (ed.)	Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)	ll_pub		550	100-999						Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)							-11.3454,-65.8135
				World Oral Literature Project								http://www.oralliterature.org		"World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.			550	100-999						Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)
		17th	2013	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 17th Edition (2013)			Paul M. Lewis; Gary F. Simons; and Charles D. Fennig	Dallas, Texas: SIL International				http://www.ethnologue.com Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 17th Edition (2013)		Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig (eds.), 2013. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 17th edition. Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Online version: http://www.ethnologue.com.			567	100-999	Chácobo [cao]: 550 (2000 SIL). 275 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 1,090 (2006 PIB). L2 users: Bolivian non-Chacobo children at Alto Ivon learn Chácobo. Pacahuara [pcp]: 17 (Adelaar 2000). Ethnic population: 18 (Adelaar 2000).					Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)					Chácobo: Northwest Beni, south of Riberalta on Alto Ivon River, Alto Ivon, Nuevo Mojos, California, Núcleo, Motacusal, Siete Almendros, Cayuses. Pacahuara: Beni Department, Vaca Díez province, near the Chácobo community of Alto Ivon.	Bolivia
978-99954-1-475-5			2012	Pano meridional	Lenguas de Bolivia, vol 2: Amazonía	29-69	Mily Crevels and Pieter Muysken	: Plural Editores		Pano meridional			Córdoba, Lorena, Pilar M. Valenzuela y Diego Villar	Córdoba, Lorena, Pilar M. Valenzuela y Diego Villar. 2012. Pano meridional. Lenguas de Bolivia, vol 2: Amazonía, ed. by Mily Crevels and Pieter Muysken, 29-69. La Paz: Plural Editores. (ISBN: 978-99954-1-475-5)			~1000	100-999	"los chacobos son alrededor de un millar" (p. 29)					Vulnerable (60 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	10	"los niños son monolingües hasta alcanzar la edad escolar. Los adultos son en buena parte bilingües (más los varones que las mujeres" (p. 29). [the children are monolingual until they reach school age. The adults are in large parte bilingual (more the men than the women)].			Most in Tierra Comunitaria del Origen 'Chacobo-Pacaguara'	Bolivia
	August		2018	A Grammar of Chacobo, a southern Pano language of the northern Bolivian Amazon							University of Texas at Austin		Adam J. Tallman			1,600-2,000	1,200-1,400 total; 300-400 in Riberalta	1000-9999		Bolivian Spanish	an official language of Bolivia	Few non-Chákobo are permitted to live in their villages	Chákobo Institute of Language and Culture	Vulnerable (100 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	10		10	12		On or near the rivers of Geneshuaya, Ivon, Benicito, and Yata in the Tierra Comunitaria de Origen (TCO) of Beni in the northern Bolivian Amazon; some relocation to Riberalta, Bolivia since the 1990s	-11.78, -66.35; -11.31, -65.66; -11.01, -66.06

Chácobo

Language metadata

Language information by source

Vulnerable

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available

~1000

Vulnerable

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1,200-1,400 total; 300-400 in Riberalta

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

550

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

567

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

550

Discussion

Chácobo

Language metadata

Language information by source

Vulnerable

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available

~1000

Vulnerable

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1,200-1,400 total; 300-400 in Riberalta

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

550

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

567

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

550

Discussion

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