Endangered Languages Project

ALSO KNOWN AS		Waimaha, Waimaja, Bará, Northern Barasano, Barasano, Waípinõmakã, Bará-Tuyuka
CLASSIFICATION		Tucanoan, Eastern Tucanoan
CODE AUTHORITY		ISO 639-3
LANGUAGE CODE		bao
VARIANTS & DIALECTS		(Eastern) Waimaha (Pamoa) Bara
DOWNLOAD		As csv
MORE RESOURCES		OLAC search
ADDITIONAL COMMENTS		Ethnologue (Lewis et al. 2016) say that "Bará" is pejorative; their primary name for the language is Waimaha [bao].

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Information from: “Language endangerment in South America: The clock is ticking” (167-234) . Crevels, Mily (2012) , Lyle Campbell and Veronica Grondona · Mouton de Gruyter

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
130
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
130
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
21 speakers in Brazil, 109 in Colombia. (Same numbers for ethnic population.)

PLACES: Brazil and Colombia

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
700
Native speakers worldwide

Vulnerable

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available
539
Native speakers worldwide
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
500 in Colombia (2004 DNP). Population total all countries: 539. Some monolinguals over 40.

DOMAINS OF USE

SPEAKER NUMBER TRENDS

TRANSMISSION

MORE ON VITALITY

Passed on from fathers to children. Most domains, home, family, religion, local commerce, community. All ages. Positive attitudes. 40% also use Spanish.

PLACES: Brazil; Colombia

ADDITIONAL COMMENTS: Southeastern Vaupes Department, tributaries of mid and upper Pira-Paraná, upper Papurí and Tiquié, Mitú.

Threatened

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available
539
Native speakers worldwide
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
500 in Colombia.
39 in Brazil.

DATE OF INFO: 2004 (Colombia); 2006 (Brazil)

TRANSMISSION
SPEAKER ATTITUDE: Positive in Colombia.

PLACES: Brazil; Colombia

ADDITIONAL COMMENTS: In Brazil: Amazonas state: Terra Indigena Pari Cachoeira, Bittencourt and Iauareté municipalities; Terra Indigena Pari Cachoeira II, Iauareté municipality; Terra Indigena Pari Cachoeira III, Bittencourt municipality, all on upper Tiquié river.
In Colombia: Vaupés department: Mitú, upper Papurí, mid and upper Pira-Paraná tributaries, and Tiquié.

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
700
Native speakers worldwide
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
There are 600 speakers in Colombia (SIL 1995). The number of speakers is increasing. There are almost no monolinguals.

MORE ON VITALITY

The number of speakers is increasing.

PLACES: Colombia; Brazil;

0199255911		2005	The World Atlas of Language Structures			Bernard Comrie and David Gil and Martin Haspelmath and Matthew S. Dryer		Oxford University Press	New York			2005. "The World Atlas of Language Structures." edited by Bernard Comrie et al. Oxford University Press.															0.333333333333,-70.25
	16	2009	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)			M. Paul Lewis		SIL International	Dallas, TX	http://www.ethnologue.com/		Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)	ll_pub		700		100-999	There are 600 speakers in Colombia (SIL 1995). The number of speakers is increasing. There are almost no monolinguals.		Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)		The number of speakers is increasing.				Colombia; Brazil;
		2016	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 19th Edition (2016)			Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig	online	SIL International	Dallas, Texas	http://www.ethnologue.com		Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig (eds.). 2016. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Nineteenth edition (2016). Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Online version: http://www.ethnologue.com.			539	2004 (Colombia); 2006 (Brazil)	100-999	500 in Colombia. 39 in Brazil.	Positive in Colombia.	Threatened (60 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	11				In Brazil: Amazonas state: Terra Indigena Pari Cachoeira, Bittencourt and Iauareté municipalities; Terra Indigena Pari Cachoeira II, Iauareté municipality; Terra Indigena Pari Cachoeira III, Bittencourt municipality, all on upper Tiquié river. In Colombia: Vaupés department: Mitú, upper Papurí, mid and upper Pira-Paraná tributaries, and Tiquié.	Brazil; Colombia
	17th	2013	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 17th Edition (2013)			Paul M. Lewis; Gary F. Simons; and Charles D. Fennig		Dallas, Texas: SIL International		http://www.ethnologue.com Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 17th Edition (2013)		Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig (eds.), 2013. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 17th edition. Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Online version: http://www.ethnologue.com.			539		100-999	500 in Colombia (2004 DNP). Population total all countries: 539. Some monolinguals over 40.		Vulnerable (100 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	10	Passed on from fathers to children. Most domains, home, family, religion, local commerce, community. All ages. Positive attitudes. 40% also use Spanish.	11	11	Southeastern Vaupes Department, tributaries of mid and upper Pira-Paraná, upper Papurí and Tiquié, Mitú.	Brazil; Colombia
			World Oral Literature Project							http://www.oralliterature.org		"World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.			700		100-999			Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)
		2012	Language endangerment in South America: The clock is ticking	The Indigenous Languages of South America: A Comprehensive Guide	167-234	Lyle Campbell and Veronica Grondona		Mouton de Gruyter	Berlin		Crevels, Mily	Crevels, Mily. 2012. "Language Endangerment in South America: The Clock Is Ticking." In The Indigenous Languages of South America: A Comprehensive Guide, edited by Hans Henrich Hock et al.. 167-234. Mouton de Gruyter.		130	130		100-999	21 speakers in Brazil, 109 in Colombia. (Same numbers for ethnic population.)		Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)						Brazil and Colombia

Bará

Language metadata

Language information by source

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

130

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

700

Vulnerable

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available

539

Threatened

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available

539

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

700

Discussion

Bará

Language metadata

Language information by source

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

130

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

700

Vulnerable

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available

539

Threatened

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available

539

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

700

Discussion

Suggest information or improvement

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Sources of information

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