Endangered Languages Project

Alias		Qimant, Kimanteney, Western Agaw, Falaša, Kemant, Falasha
KLASSIFIZIERUNG		Afro-Asiatic, Cushitic, Central Cushitic
CODE AUTHORITY		ISO 639-3
SPRACHENCODE		ahg
VARIANTEN & DIALEKTE		Dembiya Kwolasa Hwarasa Kayla Achpar Qimant Semyen
DOWNLOAD		Als csv
WEITERE RESSOURCEN		OLAC-Suche

Compare Sources (13)

Informationen von: “ELF Grant Abstract: Recording the Last Fluent Speakers of Kemantney” . Zelealem Leyew (2005)

Stark gefährdet

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available
A few hundred
Muttersprachler weltweit
MEHR ZUR ANZAHL DER SPRECHER
"According to the 1994 census, there are around 1,625 speakers of Kemantney, but following the death of many of the older members of the community, the speaker population been reduced to only a few hundred. Most of the fluent speakers of Kemantney are in their 60's or above, and the well-known storytellers are older. "

ENTWICKLUNGSTENDENZEN BEI SPRECHERN
VERBREITUNG

Bedroht

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
1,000-9,999
Muttersprachler weltweit
Ethnische Population
172,327
MEHR ZUR ANZAHL DER SPRECHER
1,650 in Ethiopia. Data for the number of native speakers and the ethnic population are from the 1994 census.

DATUM DER INFORMATION: 1994

ORTE: Ethiopia; Eritrea

ORTSBESCHREIBUNG: Northwest Amhara region, north of Lake Tana. Qwara or Kayla are near Addis Ababa. Also in Eritrea.

Bedroht

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
1,500
Muttersprachler weltweit

Stark gefährdet

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available
1625
Muttersprachler weltweit
Ethnische Population
172291
KINDER
0
JUNGE ERWACHSENE
304
ERWACHSENE
791
ÄLTERE PERSONEN
2588

DATUM DER INFORMATION: 1994

NUTZUNGSBEREICHE

ENTWICKLUNGSTENDENZEN BEI SPRECHERN

VERBREITUNG

MEHR ZU SPRACHBESTÄNDIGKEIT

"Kemantney has been reduced to a secret (in-group) code like Tenet (Surma) (Dimmendaal, 1983) and Elmolo (Heine, 1980). The Kemant people are never heard speaking their language in normal situations. The negative attitude people show and the consequential decline of its use have led to the decline of confidence and competence among TSs."

SPRECHEREINSTELLUNG

Negative

UNTERSTÜTZUNG DER REGIERUNG

INSTITUTIONELLE UNTERSTÜTZUNG

ANDERE VON DER GEMEINSCHAFT GESPROCHENE SPRACHEN

Amharic

KOMMENTARE ZUM SPRACHKONTEXT

"Kemantney has been stigmatized by two groups: Amharic speakers of Amharic descent, and Amharic speakers of Kemant descent. It is not uncommon for Kemant speakers to be ashamed of using it for fear of being humiliated by these two groups. Everyone who wants to speak the language smiles and looks around before (s)he starts speaking. The smile is a sign of bewilderment and anxiety, not of courage and excitement."

ORTE: Gondar, Ethiopia

WEITERE KOMMENTARE: "Because of shortage of cultivable land, the people have always been moving to Amharic speaking places and work as farmers or shepherds. The movement to such Amharic-speaking areas has contributed to the obsolescence of their language."

Bedroht

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
1000-17000
Muttersprachler weltweit
Ethnische Population
25000

ANDERE VON DER GEMEINSCHAFT GESPROCHENE SPRACHEN

ORTE: Ethiopia

ORTSBESCHREIBUNG: "North of Lake Tana, Central Begendir Province, northwest, also Sudan... the countryside extending to the north and south of the east-to-west Gonder-Aykel road as well as the east of Gonder and the west of Aykel"

Ernsthaft gefährdet

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available

ENTWICKLUNGSTENDENZEN BEI SPRECHERN
VERBREITUNG

ORTSBESCHREIBUNG: Gondar

Bedroht

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
1,650
Muttersprachler weltweit

Bedroht

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
~1,600
Muttersprachler weltweit

ANDERE VON DER GEMEINSCHAFT GESPROCHENE SPRACHEN

Bedroht

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
1,650
Muttersprachler weltweit
Ethnische Population
172,324

DATUM DER INFORMATION: 1994

Bedroht

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
1,500
Muttersprachler weltweit
Ethnische Population
170000
ÄLTERE PERSONEN
1500

Ernsthaft gefährdet

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available
HALBSPRECHER
0
KINDER
0
JUNGE ERWACHSENE
0
ERWACHSENE
0
MEHR ZUR ANZAHL DER SPRECHER
"Kemant certainly is one of the most 'endangered' languages in Ethiopia,
already considered 'dead' by some linguists... it has become very unlikely the Kemant people will preserve a distinct religion and culture.

Those who speak the language fluently are elderly people beyond the age of sixty... the extinction of Kemant is conceivable within the next 40–50 years."

DATUM DER INFORMATION: 2002

NUTZUNGSBEREICHE

ENTWICKLUNGSTENDENZEN BEI SPRECHERN

VERBREITUNG

MEHR ZU SPRACHBESTÄNDIGKEIT

A typical speaker: "He prays and dreams in Kemant. He also speaks about secrets in Kemant" [only domains which Kemant is used]

ANDERE VON DER GEMEINSCHAFT GESPROCHENE SPRACHEN

Amharic

KOMMENTARE ZUM SPRACHKONTEXT

"A strong process of Amharization seems to have made a strong impact on the size of the 'Kemant' population"

Gefährdet

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
350,000
Muttersprachler weltweit
Ethnische Population
>1,000,000
MEHR ZUR ANZAHL DER SPRECHER
"According to Ato Nega there are more than one million Qemant people, of whom 350,000 still speak the language... Qemant is being replaced by Amharic, and there is a tendency for the language to die"

DATUM DER INFORMATION: 2002

MEHR ZU SPRACHBESTÄNDIGKEIT

"We have gathered evidence that Qemant is not a 'dead' language, but it must be considered endangered. [...] We have met a number of elderly bilingual people who speak both Amharic and Qemant. However, even these people seem to be more proficient in Amharic than in Qemant, and they seem to use Amharic more than Qemant. [...] Linguistically speaking, one could say that Qemant is being replaced by Amharic, and there is a tendency for the language to die."

ANDERE VON DER GEMEINSCHAFT GESPROCHENE SPRACHEN

Amharic

ORTSBESCHREIBUNG: Chilga, Armachoho, Gonder, Zuria, Wogera, Matebia, Qara, and others.

	SIL electronic survey reports (SILESR), #2002-031	Revised version	2002	Sociolinguistic survey report of the Kemant (Qimant) language of Ethiopia		33	An earlier version appeared 1995 as “Kemant (Qimant): a language on the brink of extinction”, «SLLE (Survey of little-known languages of Ethiopia) linguistic reports», v. 30			SIL International						Zelealem, [Mollaligne] Leyew	Zelealem, [Mollaligne] Leyew. 2002. "Sociolinguistic Survey Report of the Kemant (Qimant) Language of Ethiopia." 33. SIL International.	EBALL	0		0		2002		"Kemant certainly is one of the most 'endangered' languages in Ethiopia, already considered 'dead' by some linguists... it has become very unlikely the Kemant people will preserve a distinct religion and culture. Those who speak the language fluently are elderly people beyond the age of sixty... the extinction of Kemant is conceivable within the next 40–50 years."	0		0		Amharic			"A strong process of Amharization seems to have made a strong impact on the size of the 'Kemant' population"		The majority of this group know only Amharic	Critically Endangered (80 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	15	A typical speaker: "He prays and dreams in Kemant. He also speaks about secrets in Kemant" [only domains which Kemant is used]	15	15
			1975	A Descriptive Outline of Kemant		316-350					Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies	38				D. L. Appleyard	Appleyard, D. L. 1975. "A Descriptive Outline of Kemant." In Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, 38: 316-350.	HHOLD																		Critically Endangered (60 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	14			15			Gondar
0199255911			2005	The World Atlas of Language Structures				Bernard Comrie and David Gil and Martin Haspelmath and Matthew S. Dryer		Oxford University Press			New York				2005. "The World Atlas of Language Structures." edited by Bernard Comrie et al. Oxford University Press.																											12.6666666667,37.4166666667
		16	2009	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)				M. Paul Lewis		SIL International			Dallas, TX		http://www.ethnologue.com/		Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)	ll_pub		172,327			1994	1000-9999	1,650 in Ethiopia. Data for the number of native speakers and the ethnic population are from the 1994 census.											Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)						Ethiopia; Eritrea	Northwest Amhara region, north of Lake Tana. Qwara or Kayla are near Addis Ababa. Also in Eritrea.
			2005	ELF Grant Abstract: Recording the Last Fluent Speakers of Kemantney					Endangered Language Fund grant abstract						http://www.endangeredlanguagefund.org/ll_projects_2005.php	Zelealem Leyew	Leyew, Zelealem. 2005. "ELF Grant Abstract: Recording the Last Fluent Speakers of Kemantney." Online: http://www.endangeredlanguagefund.org/ll_projects_2005.php.					A few hundred		100-999	"According to the 1994 census, there are around 1,625 speakers of Kemantney, but following the death of many of the older members of the community, the speaker population been reduced to only a few hundred. Most of the fluent speakers of Kemantney are in their 60's or above, and the well-known storytellers are older. "											Severely Endangered (80 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	14			15
			2007	Africa	Atlas of the World's Endangered Languages	579-634		C. Moseley		London & New York: Routledge						Gerrit J. Dimmendaal and Erhard F. K. Voeltz	Dimmendaal, Gerrit J. and Erhard F. K. Voeltz. 2007. "Africa." In Atlas of the World's Endangered Languages, edited by C. Moseley. 579-634. London & New York: Routledge.	HHOLD				~1,600		1000-9999				~3400		Amharic						Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)
9780520255609			2008	One Thousand Languages: Living, Endangered, and Lost						University of California						Peter Austin	Austin, Peter. 2008. "One Thousand Languages: Living, Endangered, and Lost." University of California.			170000		1,500		1000-9999			1500									Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)
		3rd	2010	Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger						UNESCO Publishing			Paris		http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas	Christopher Moseley (ed.)	Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)	ll_pub				1,500		1000-9999												Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)								12.9349,37.2326
			1998	1994 Population and Housing Census of Ethiopia, Results at Country Level			Reproduced online by Hudson, 2006			Central Statistical Office		1	Addis Ababa	Office of Population and Housing Census Commission	https://www.msu.edu/~hudson/Ethlgslist.htm		1998. "1994 Population and Housing Census of Ethiopia, Results At Country Level." 1: Central Statistical Office. Online: https://www.msu.edu/~hudson/Ethlgslist.htm.			172,324		1,650	1994	1000-9999												Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)
	Kuschitische Sprachstudien		2003	The Kemantney Language: A Sociolinguistic and Grammatical Study of Language Replacement						Köln: Rüdiger Köppe		20				Zelealem Leyew	Zelealem Leyew. 2003. "The Kemantney Language: A Sociolinguistic and Grammatical Study of Language Replacement." 20: Köln: Rüdiger Köppe.	HHOLD	791	172291	304	1625	1994	1000-9999			2588	3450	Home, normal use	Amharic	No	Negative	"Kemantney has been stigmatized by two groups: Amharic speakers of Amharic descent, and Amharic speakers of Kemant descent. It is not uncommon for Kemant speakers to be ashamed of using it for fear of being humiliated by these two groups. Everyone who wants to speak the language smiles and looks around before (s)he starts speaking. The smile is a sign of bewilderment and anxiety, not of courage and excitement."	No	All	Severely Endangered (100 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	14	"Kemantney has been reduced to a secret (in-group) code like Tenet (Surma) (Dimmendaal, 1983) and Elmolo (Heine, 1980). The Kemant people are never heard speaking their language in normal situations. The negative attitude people show and the consequential decline of its use have led to the decline of confidence and competence among TSs."	15	13	"Because of shortage of cultivable land, the people have always been moving to Amharic speaking places and work as farmers or shepherds. The movement to such Amharic-speaking areas has contributed to the obsolescence of their language."	Gondar, Ethiopia		12.599967,37.466633
			1994	First report on a survey of the Shinasha and Agew dialects and languages		1-8	Revised version appeared 2002 as «First report on a survey of the Shinasha and Agew dialects and languages», SIL electronic survey reports (SILESR), #2002-062.				SLLE (Survey of little-known languages of Ethiopia) linguistic reports	18				Zelealem, [Mollaligne] Leyew	Zelealem, [Mollaligne] Leyew. 1994. "First Report On a Survey of the Shinasha and Agew Dialects and Languages." In SLLE (Survey of little-known languages of Ethiopia) linguistic reports, 18: 1-8.	EBALL		>1,000,000		350,000	2002	100000	"According to Ato Nega there are more than one million Qemant people, of whom 350,000 still speak the language... Qemant is being replaced by Amharic, and there is a tendency for the language to die"					Amharic						At risk (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)		"We have gathered evidence that Qemant is not a 'dead' language, but it must be considered endangered. [...] We have met a number of elderly bilingual people who speak both Amharic and Qemant. However, even these people seem to be more proficient in Amharic than in Qemant, and they seem to use Amharic more than Qemant. [...] Linguistically speaking, one could say that Qemant is being replaced by Amharic, and there is a tendency for the language to die."					Chilga, Armachoho, Gonder, Zuria, Wogera, Matebia, Qara, and others.
				World Oral Literature Project											http://www.oralliterature.org		"World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.					1,650		1000-9999												Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)
	Contributions to the sociology of language, #64		1992	A survey on language death in Africa	Language death: factual and theoretical explorations with special reference to East Africa	402		Brenzinger, Matthias		Mouton de Gruyter			Berlin & New York			Sommer, Gabriele	Gabriele Sommer. 1992. "A Survey On Language Death in Africa." In Language death: factual and theoretical explorations with special reference to East Africa, edited by Matthias Brenzinger. 402. Mouton de Gruyter.	EBALL		25000		1000-17000		1000-9999						Amharic					All or most	Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)						Ethiopia	"North of Lake Tana, Central Begendir Province, northwest, also Sudan... the countryside extending to the north and south of the east-to-west Gonder-Aykel road as well as the east of Gonder and the west of Aykel"

K'emant

Metadaten der Sprache

Sprachdokumentationsforum

Stark gefährdet

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

A few hundred

Bedroht

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1,000-9,999

Bedroht

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1,500

Stark gefährdet

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1625

Bedroht

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1000-17000

Ernsthaft gefährdet

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available

Bedroht

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1,650

Bedroht

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

~1,600

Bedroht

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1,650

Bedroht

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1,500

Ernsthaft gefährdet

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

Gefährdet

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

350,000

Diskussion

K'emant

Metadaten der Sprache

Sprachdokumentationsforum

Stark gefährdet

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

A few hundred

Bedroht

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1,000-9,999

Bedroht

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1,500

Stark gefährdet

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1625

Bedroht

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1000-17000

Ernsthaft gefährdet

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available

Bedroht

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1,650

Bedroht

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

~1,600

Bedroht

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1,650

Bedroht

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1,500

Ernsthaft gefährdet

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

Gefährdet

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

350,000

Diskussion

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