Endangered Languages Project

ALSO KNOWN AS		Tirāhī, Dardu
CLASSIFICATION		Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Northwestern Zone
CODE AUTHORITY		ISO 639-3
LANGUAGE CODE		tra
DOWNLOAD		As csv
MORE RESOURCES		OLAC search

Compare Sources (7)

Information from: “Endangered languages of the Middle East” (263-277) . Jonathan Owens (2007) , Matthias Brenzinger · Mouton de Gruyter

Dormant
0
Native speakers worldwide

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Spoken in a few villages southeast of Jalalabad in Afghanistan

LANGUAGE CONTEXT COMMENTS: The central subgroup is further subdivided into northern and southern groupings. The northern grouping includes Khowar (or Chitrali, Chitrari, Chatrori, Arniya) and Kalasha in the Chitral region. The southern grouping includes Tirahi, Gawar (or Gawar-bati, lit., “language of the Gawar people”), Katarkalai (or Wotapuri, referring to another dialect), Shumashti, Glangali (closely related Ningalami, reported in the literature but apparently no longer extant), and Pashai, a large group of extremely divergent dialects or closely related languages, in the southern part of Nūrestān and adjacent areas.

PLACES: Pakistan; Afghanistan; India

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Part of Nūrestān and adjacent areas along the Kabul river and its tributaries in the mountain region that encompasses northeastern Afghanistan, northern Pakistan, and northwestern India

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
100
Native speakers worldwide

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
100
Native speakers worldwide

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
100
Native speakers worldwide
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
Ethnic population: Possibly 5,000

MORE ON VITALITY

Most have shifted to Southern Pashto

PLACES: Afghanistan;

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Southeast of Jalalabad, west of Khyber Pass, Nangarhar village

	1994	Dardestān ii. Language					Encyclopedia Iranica			http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/dardestan-#i	Edel'man, D.I.	D.I. Edel'man. 1994. "Dardestān Ii. Language." In Encyclopedia Iranica, Online: http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/dardestan-#i.					The central subgroup is further subdivided into northern and southern groupings. The northern grouping includes Khowar (or Chitrali, Chitrari, Chatrori, Arniya) and Kalasha in the Chitral region. The southern grouping includes Tirahi, Gawar (or Gawar-bati, lit., “language of the Gawar people”), Katarkalai (or Wotapuri, referring to another dialect), Shumashti, Glangali (closely related Ningalami, reported in the literature but apparently no longer extant), and Pashai, a large group of extremely divergent dialects or closely related languages, in the southern part of Nūrestān and adjacent areas.			Pakistan; Afghanistan; India	Part of Nūrestān and adjacent areas along the Kabul river and its tributaries in the mountain region that encompasses northeastern Afghanistan, northern Pakistan, and northwestern India
16	2009	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)			M. Paul Lewis	SIL International			Dallas, TX	http://www.ethnologue.com/		Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)	ll_pub	100	100-999	Ethnic population: Possibly 5,000		Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	Most have shifted to Southern Pashto	Afghanistan;	Southeast of Jalalabad, west of Khyber Pass, Nangarhar village
3rd	2010	Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger				UNESCO Publishing			Paris	http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas	Christopher Moseley (ed.)	Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)	ll_pub	100	100-999			Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)				34.3139,70.3729
		Glottolog								http://www.glottolog.org/glottolog/		"Glottolog." Online: http://www.glottolog.org/glottolog/.										34.167925, 69.563483
		World Oral Literature Project								http://www.oralliterature.org		"World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.		100	100-999			Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)
	1934	Notes on Tirahi		161-189			Acta Orientalia	XII			Georg Morgenstierne	Morgenstierne, Georg. 1934. "Notes On Tirahi." In Acta Orientalia, XII: 161-189.	HHOLD								Spoken in a few villages southeast of Jalalabad in Afghanistan
	2007	Endangered languages of the Middle East	Language Diversity Endangered	263-277	Matthias Brenzinger	Mouton de Gruyter					Jonathan Owens			0				Dormant ()

Tirahi

Language metadata

Language information by source

Dormant

0

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

100

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

100

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

100

Discussion

Tirahi

Language metadata

Language information by source

Dormant

0

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

100

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

100

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

100

Discussion

Suggest information or improvement

Download language data

Sources of information

Compare Sources