Waigali
[alias Kalasa-alā, Waigalī, Wai-alā]Klassifizierung: Indo-European
·bedroht
Klassifizierung: Indo-European
·bedroht
Kalasa-alā, Waigalī, Wai-alā, Waigeli, Waygalī, Kalasha-ala |
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Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Nuristani |
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ISO 639-3 |
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wbk |
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Als csv |
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Informationen von: “Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)” . M. Paul Lewis · SIL International
Speaker number data: (Van Driem 2000)
Southeast Nuristan, Central Kunar Province north of Pech. Varjan in north Waigal Valley, Waigal, Zonchigal, Jamach, Ameshdesh villages, and east in Veligal Valley villages; Chima-Nishey in lower valley villages
Informationen von: “The World Atlas of Language Structures” . Bernard Comrie and David Gil and Martin Haspelmath and Matthew S. Dryer · Oxford University Press
Informationen von: “Glottolog” .
Informationen von: “The Nuristani Languages” (103-117) . Degener, Almuth (2002) , Nicholas Sims-Williams · Oxford University Press
It was not written down until recently.
The Nuristani languages are spoken almost entirely within the confines of the area of northeast Afghanistan known as Nuristan. It is a land of high mountains and deep valleys, with forests and mountain pastures.
Informationen von: “Dardestān ii. Language” . Edel'man, D.I. (1994)
The Nūrestānī languages (also known traditionally as Kafiri languages) are sometimes included as a western subgroup of the Dardic group of languages (see Shaw, 1876, pp. 146-47; Grierson; Morgenstierne, 1945; idem, 1974). They are the languages of Afghan Nūrestān, known as Kafiristan until the people adopted Islam on the eve of the 20th century. This subgroup includes Kati (including the eastern dialect Bashgali), Waigali (or Wai, Wai-alā), and related Tregami (or Gambiri) and Zemiaki; Ashkun and the closely related language or dialect Wamai; and Prasun (or Paruni, Wasin-veri, Veron). These languages have much in common with the Dardic languages and are spoken in close geographical proximity to them, but their origin is not the same (see below). The attribution of the Dameli language, which exhibits both Nūrestānī and Dardic features, is not clear. Some authors also include in the Dardic group the Ḍumaki language, spoken by a people scattered in groups in Hunza and Nagar. Genetically, however, it belongs to the Central Indo-Aryan languages (being close to Gypsy), rather than to the Dardic group.
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Isbn | Series | Month | Edition | Num | Year | Title | Booktitle | Pages | Note | Editor | Howpublished | Publisher | Journal | Volume | Address | Institution | Chapter | Translator | School | Url | Author | Free Text Citation | Copied From | Older Adults | Ethnic Population | Young Adults | Private Comment | Speaker Number Text | Date Of Info | Speaker Number | Public Comment | Semi Speakers | Elders | Second Language Speakers | Domains Other Langs | Other Languages Used | Private Comment | Government Support | Speaker Attitude | Public Comment | Institutional Support | Number Speaker Other Languages | Endangerment Level | Transmission | Private Comment | Public Comment | Domains Of Use | Speaker Number Trends | Private Comment | Public Comment | Places | Description | Coordinates |
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QUELLE: “The Nuristani Languages” (103-117) . Degener, Almuth (2002) , Nicholas Sims-Williams · Oxford University Press |
QUELLE: “The World Atlas of Language Structures” . , Bernard Comrie and David Gil and Martin Haspelmath and Matthew S. Dryer · Oxford University Press |
Proceedings of the British Academy | 2002 | The Nuristani Languages | Indo-Iranian Languages and Peoples | 103-117 | Nicholas Sims-Williams | Oxford University Press | 116 | Degener, Almuth | Degener, Almuth. 2002. "The Nuristani Languages." In Indo-Iranian Languages and Peoples, edited by Nicholas Sims-Williams. 116: 103-117. Oxford University Press. | HHOLD | The Nuristani languages are spoken almost entirely within the confines of the area of northeast Afghanistan known as Nuristan. It is a land of high mountains and deep valleys, with forests and mountain pastures. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1994 | Dardestān ii. Language | Encyclopedia Iranica | http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/dardestan-#i | Edel'man, D.I. | D.I. Edel'man. 1994. "Dardestān Ii. Language." In Encyclopedia Iranica, Online: http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/dardestan-#i. | The Nūrestānī languages (also known traditionally as Kafiri languages) are sometimes included as a western subgroup of the Dardic group of languages (see Shaw, 1876, pp. 146-47; Grierson; Morgenstierne, 1945; idem, 1974). They are the languages of Afghan Nūrestān, known as Kafiristan until the people adopted Islam on the eve of the 20th century. This subgroup includes Kati (including the eastern dialect Bashgali), Waigali (or Wai, Wai-alā), and related Tregami (or Gambiri) and Zemiaki; Ashkun and the closely related language or dialect Wamai; and Prasun (or Paruni, Wasin-veri, Veron). These languages have much in common with the Dardic languages and are spoken in close geographical proximity to them, but their origin is not the same (see below). The attribution of the Dameli language, which exhibits both Nūrestānī and Dardic features, is not clear. Some authors also include in the Dardic group the Ḍumaki language, spoken by a people scattered in groups in Hunza and Nagar. Genetically, however, it belongs to the Central Indo-Aryan languages (being close to Gypsy), rather than to the Dardic group. | Part of Nūrestān and adjacent areas along the Kabul river and its tributaries in the mountain region that encompasses northeastern Afghanistan, northern Pakistan, and northwestern India | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
0199255911 | 2005 | The World Atlas of Language Structures | Bernard Comrie and David Gil and Martin Haspelmath and Matthew S. Dryer | Oxford University Press | New York | 2005. "The World Atlas of Language Structures." edited by Bernard Comrie et al. Oxford University Press. | 35.0,71.25 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
16 | 2009 | Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009) | M. Paul Lewis | SIL International | Dallas, TX | http://www.ethnologue.com/ | Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.) | ll_pub | 1,500 | 1000-9999 | Speaker number data: (Van Driem 2000) | Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available) | Afghanistan; | Southeast Nuristan, Central Kunar Province north of Pech. Varjan in north Waigal Valley, Waigal, Zonchigal, Jamach, Ameshdesh villages, and east in Veligal Valley villages; Chima-Nishey in lower valley villages | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3rd | 2010 | Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger | UNESCO Publishing | Paris | http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas | Christopher Moseley (ed.) | Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.) | ll_pub | 2,000 | 1000-9999 | Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available) | 35.1895,71.1941 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Glottolog | http://www.glottolog.org/glottolog/ | "Glottolog." Online: http://www.glottolog.org/glottolog/. | 35.033261, 70.984706 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
World Oral Literature Project | http://www.oralliterature.org | "World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org. | 1,500 | 1000-9999 | Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available) |