North Saami
[aka Sami, North Sámi (sápmi or sámegiella), Northern Saami]Classification: Uralic
·threatened
Classification: Uralic
·threatened
Sami, North Sámi (sápmi or sámegiella), Northern Saami, Norwegian Sami, pohjoissaame, Nordsamiska, Nordsamisk, северносаамский язык, Same, Saami, Lapp, Sámegiella, davvisámegiella, "Northern Lapp", "Northern Lappish", "Norwegian Lapp", Cohkkiras (Jukkasjarvi) variety |
||
Uralic, Saami |
||
North Saami (1979) based in Finnmárku dialects but using the Latin script with additional characters |
||
ISO 639-3; Glottolog |
||
sme; nort2671 |
||
As csv |
||
Information from: “North Saami, Cohkkiras variety (Sweden, Norway) - Language Snapshot” . Olle Kejonen (2020) , Peter K. Austin · ELPublishing
100,000
Norwegian
Swedish
Finnish
Meankieli
Kven
The Nordic resource center Sámi Giellagáldu is responsible for language planning. Literacy in North Saami is rare, and speaker attitudes toward the standard orthography is often negative.
Information from: “Reclaiming Sámi languages: indigenous language emancipation from East to West” . Rasmussen, Torkel and Shaun Nolan, John (2020) De Gruyter Mouton
"A new education act was approved by the Norwegian parliament making education in Sámi an individual right for all Sámi children in the whole country . . . Both [Sweden and Finland] have Sámi language acts which give speakers of Sámi the right to use Sámi in contact with the authorities in the Sámi administrative areas. Sámi varieties are used as languages of instruction in some special Sámi schools in Sweden (grades one to six) and in Finland in public schools in the Sámi home area (grades one to nine)." However, Rasmussen & Nolan note that even when Sámi pupils have the right to Sámi-medium education, there may not be any offered by schools and parents may be unaware of their legal right to request education in Sámi.
Information from: “The World Atlas of Language Structures” . Bernard Comrie and David Gil and Martin Haspelmath and Matthew S. Dryer · Oxford University Press
"North Sámi is used in a wide range of domains. It is used in the media, in administration, in churches, in schools and in everyday life. However, the speakers of North Sámi do not have the same opportunities to use North Sámi both inside the Administration Area for Sámi language, and outside the area. In many domains, for example, with authorities, the use of North Sámi is only possible inside the administration area."
Information from: “Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 18th Edition” . Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig · SIL International
30,000-40,000
"20,000 in Norway (Laakso 2013). Population total all countries: 25,700. Ethnic population: 30,000 (1995 M. Krauss). 30,000–40,000."
"All ages."
"Finnmark, Troms counties; Nordland county: Ofoten."
Information from: “North Sámi in Norway: An Overview of a Language in Context” . Marjomaa, Marko (2012) , Laakso, Johanna · Research consortium ELDIA
"There is no register of ethnic affiliation in Norway, neither is there an official register of speakers of different Sámi languages. Therefore, the estimations on the total number of North Sámi speakers in Norway varies from 10,000 (Sammallahti 1998: 1) to 25,000 (Sametinget 2005). The number of North Sámi speakers in Sweden is estimated to be about 5000, and in Finland from about 2000 (Sammallahti 1998:1)."
Kven
Finnish
Swedish
"In 1988 the Norwegian Parliament, adopted an amendment, Section 110 A, to the Norwegian constitution. This amendment states that the Norwegian state has the duty and responsibility to provide and ensure the conditions for the Sámi people to preserve and develop their culture, language and way of life. According to the Sámi Act the Norwegian and Sámi language have equal status, which in practice means the area of, Sámegiela hálddášanguovlu ‘the Administration Area for Sámi language’.
"The North Sámi are in the majority in the following municipalities in Norway: Guovdageaidnu (in Norwegian Kautokeino), Kárášjohka (Karasjok), Deatnu (Tana) and Unjárga (Nesseby). The municipalities of Porsáŋgu (Porsang) and Gáivuotna (Kåfjord) also have a noticeable concentration of North Sámi people. In addition North Sámi speakers live outside the central North Sámi speaking area, especially in the cities."
Information from: “Europe and North Asia” (211-282) . Tapani Salminen (2007) , C. Moseley · London & New York: Routledge
In the core area in central Finnmark Province, where North Saami has an official status, many children learn the language and are likely to continue to use the language in adulthood, and in the adjacent parts of Sweden and Finland, there are also child speakers.
Spoken in most parts of Finnmark and
Troms provinces and in the northernmost corner of Nordland Province in Norway, in Kiruna and Pajala counties and parts of Ga¨llivare and other adjacent counties in Norrbotten Province (Torne Lappmark) as well as, because of resettlements in the twentieth century, also in more southerly regions in Sweden, and in Utsjoki and Enontekio counties, western parts of Inari County, and Vuotso region of Sodankyla County in Lapland Province in Finland. Formerly extended to Petsamo region in Murmansk Province in the Russian Federation.