Information from: “Dialectology as dialectic: interpreting Phula variation.” . Jamin Pelkey (2011) De Gruyter Mouton
Threatened
80 percent certain, based on the evidence available
1,0000
16,000
SPEAKER NUMBER TRENDS
TRANSMISSION
MORE ON VITALITY
Children learn to speak Mandarin at the age of 7. Community announcements and meetings are held in Mandarin. Younger generation tends to code-switch between Muji and Mandarin frequently.
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT
no
INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT
no
OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY
Mandarin
Scripts (Writing system)
no
PLACES
Yunnan Province, China
LOCATION DESCRIPTION
Kafang (卡房), Laochang (老廠) and Datun (大屯) Townships of Gejiu (箇舊) City, and eastern Lengquan (冷泉) Township of Mengzi (蒙自) County.
Information from: “Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)” . M. Paul Lewis · SIL International
Threatened
20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
10,000
10,000 (2008)
DATE OF INFO
2008
PLACES
China;
Information from: “Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger” . Christopher Moseley (ed.) (2010) UNESCO Publishing