Wakhi
[también conocido como Guhjali, Wakhani, Wakhigi]Clasificación: Indo-European
·susceptible de extinción
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Susceptible de extinción
20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
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37,570
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12,500 in Tajikistan, 9500 in Afghanistan, 11,770 in Pakistan, and 3800 in China.
- ACTITUD DEL HABLANTE
- Formerly negative, but now positive
- APOYO GUBERNAMENTAL
- None
- APOYO INSTITUCIONAL
- None
- OTRAS LENGUAS UTILIZADAS POR LA COMUNIDAD
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Tajik Persian
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Shughni
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Dari Persian
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Pashto
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Urdu
- COMENTARIOS SOBRE CONTEXTO DE LA LENGUA
In Tajikistan, the language of communication, writing, and education is Tajik Persian. Wakhi oral tradition is also bilingual in Wakhi and Tajik and many Wakhis also speak Shughni, the second lingua franca of the Pamir region. Schooling is obligatory for everyone in Tajikistan and the medium of education is Tajiki, leaving only old women and young children monolingual. This diminishes the role of Wakhi in public contexts, though it is still preferred in domestic settings. Until very recently, the Wakhi speakers in Tajikistan felt themselves a marginalized group with negative attitudes toward their language; however the poems published in Reinhold (1992a) indicate that there is an incipient awakening of interest in local languages. In Afghanistan Wakhis also speak Dari Persian, or Pashto. However, literacy is not widespread and the admixture of other elements into Wakhi is less than in Tajikistan. Almost 100%% of Wakhi-speaking children in Hunza now attend school, which exerts greater influence on language than any single factor in the past. This has resulted in an enormous literacy gap between younger and older generations. All school-going children and many young women up to the age of 20 know Urdu, whereas hardly any of the older generation do. Nevertheless, it is an increasingly vital language, and speakers have a very positive attitude toward their language, evidenced by the Wakhi Tajik Cultural Association.
- Alfabetos, sistemas de escritura y ortografías
- Modified IPA; Perso-Arabic
- LUGARES
- Tajikistan and Afghanistan: On both banks of the Panj River (Upper Amu, Oxus); Pakistan
- DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA UBICACIÓN
On the Tajikistan side, Wakhi villages extend from Namadgut to Ratm, interspersed with a few Tajiki settlements. On the Afghanistan side, settlement from Paltur? near Ishkashem, to Sarhad on the upper reaches of the Wakhan River. In Pakistan, the main settlements are in Gojal, including part of upper Hunza valley and the Shimshal and Chapursan valleys; in Ishkoman; and the upper Yarkhun valley in Chitral.