Tundra Yukagir
[aka Northern Yukagir, Vadul Yukaghir, cеверноюкагирский язык]Classification: Yukaghir
·critically endangered
Classification: Yukaghir
·critically endangered
The genetically isolated Yukaghir language has been regarded as one of the Paleo-Asiatic languages. It has been hypothesized that the Yukaghir language is related to the Uralic languages. (The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire)
Northern Yukagir, Vadul Yukaghir, cеверноюкагирский язык, вадульский юкагирский язык, pohjoisjukagiirin kieli, Вадун аруу |
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Yukaghir |
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Cyrillic script |
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ISO 639-3 |
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ykg |
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As csv |
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Information from: “Red Book on Endangered Languages: Northeast Asia” . Juha Janhunen; Tapani Salminen (2000)
~700
0
0
0?
mean age of youngest speakers: mainly from 60 years up
Russian
Yakut
Koryak
Even
degree of speakers' competence: mainly rudimentary, all the remaining speakers being multilingual in Russian, Yakut, Even, Koryak, and other languages
Attempts are currently being made to create a written standard (in Cyrillic script, with either Russian or Yakut-based orthographical principles) for both Tundra Yukagir and Forest Yukagir.
in the tundra zone, in a belt extending from the lower Indigirka in the west close to the lower Kolyma basin in the east; administratively within the Yakut (Sakha) Republic (Yakutia); previously in a much wider area in the Lena-Yana-Indigirka-Kolyma region
Information from: “Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)” . M. Paul Lewis · SIL International
230-1100
Data on speaker number (M. Krauss 1995). Data on ethnic population: 230 to 1,100 (M. Krauss 1995, 1989 census)
Information from: “Europe and North Asia” (211-282) . Tapani Salminen (2007) , C. Moseley · London & New York: Routledge
There are fewer than 150 speakers of Tundra Yukagir, including elderly people who have it as their first language and middle-aged people who are typically more fluent in Russian and Yakut.
In Andryushkino there may be a few younger speakers. All the remaining speakers are multilingual in Russian, Yakut, Even or Chukchi.
Russian
Yakut
Even
Chukchi.
Attempts are currently being made to create a written standard in Cyrillic script, with either Russian or Yakut-based orthographical principles, for both Tundra Yukagir and Forest Yukagir.
Spoken in the tundra zone, in a belt extending from the lower Indigirka in the west close to the lower Kolyma basin in the east, in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in the Russian Federation, now largely concentrated in the villages of Andryushkino and Kolymskoye in Lower Kolyma (Nizhnekolymskiy) County.
Information from: “The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire” . Andrew Humphreys and Krista Mits ·
835
In 1979 37.5%% of the ethnic population of 835, were considered to be native speakers which is 310.
Yakut
Russian
In 1930 a Yukaghir, named Nikolai Spiridonov, graduated from the University in Leningrad. He wrote a couple of books on the life of the indigenous people of the Kolyma region. Spiridonov fell victim to Stalinism. Other educated Yukaghir people where the brothers Semyon, Gavril and Nikolai Kurilov. Gavril Kurilov developed a writing system which is based on Russian and Yakut scripts. This script has been used in local Yukaghir editions.
There are a small number of the Yukaghir live in the Nizhnekolymsk district in Yakutia (the Forest Yukaghir or the Odul) and in the Srednekansk district in the Magadan region (the Tundra Yukaghir or the Vadul).
Information from: “The World Atlas of Language Structures” . Bernard Comrie and David Gil and Martin Haspelmath and Matthew S. Dryer · Oxford University Press
Sources |
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Isbn | Series | Month | Edition | Num | Year | Title | Booktitle | Pages | Note | Editor | Howpublished | Publisher | Journal | Volume | Address | Institution | Chapter | Translator | School | Url | Author | Free Text Citation | Copied From | Older Adults | Ethnic Population | Young Adults | Private Comment | Speaker Number Text | Date Of Info | Speaker Number | Public Comment | Semi Speakers | Elders | Second Language Speakers | Domains Other Langs | Other Languages Used | Private Comment | Government Support | Speaker Attitude | Public Comment | Institutional Support | Number Speaker Other Languages | Endangerment Level | Transmission | Private Comment | Public Comment | Domains Of Use | Speaker Number Trends | Private Comment | Public Comment | Places | Description | Coordinates |
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SOURCE: “Europe and North Asia” (211-282) . Tapani Salminen (2007) , C. Moseley · London & New York: Routledge |
SOURCE: “The World Atlas of Language Structures” . , Bernard Comrie and David Gil and Martin Haspelmath and Matthew S. Dryer · Oxford University Press |
SOURCE: “Red Book on Endangered Languages: Northeast Asia” . Juha Janhunen; Tapani Salminen (2000) |
SOURCE: “The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire” . , Andrew Humphreys and Krista Mits · |
2007 | Europe and North Asia | Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages | 211-282 | C. Moseley | London & New York: Routledge | Tapani Salminen | Salminen, Tapani. 2007. "Europe and North Asia." In Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages, edited by C. Moseley. 211-282. London & New York: Routledge. | HHOLD | <150 | 10-99 | There are fewer than 150 speakers of Tundra Yukagir, including elderly people who have it as their first language and middle-aged people who are typically more fluent in Russian and Yakut. | Russian, Yakut, Even, Chukchi. | Nearly all | Critically Endangered (80 percent certain, based on the evidence available) | 15 | In Andryushkino there may be a few younger speakers. All the remaining speakers are multilingual in Russian, Yakut, Even or Chukchi. | 15 | Siberia | Spoken in the tundra zone, in a belt extending from the lower Indigirka in the west close to the lower Kolyma basin in the east, in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in the Russian Federation, now largely concentrated in the villages of Andryushkino and Kolymskoye in Lower Kolyma (Nizhnekolymskiy) County. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
0199255911 | 2005 | The World Atlas of Language Structures | Bernard Comrie and David Gil and Martin Haspelmath and Matthew S. Dryer | Oxford University Press | New York | 2005. "The World Atlas of Language Structures." edited by Bernard Comrie et al. Oxford University Press. | 69.0,155.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
16 | 2009 | Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009) | M. Paul Lewis | SIL International | Dallas, TX | http://www.ethnologue.com/ | Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.) | ll_pub | 230-1100 | 90 | 10-99 | Data on speaker number (M. Krauss 1995). Data on ethnic population: 230 to 1,100 (M. Krauss 1995, 1989 census) | Severely Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available) | Russia; | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2000 | Red Book on Endangered Languages: Northeast Asia | UNESCO | http://www.helsinki.fi/~tasalmin/nasia_report.html | Juha Janhunen; Tapani Salminen | Juha Janhunen; Tapani Salminen. 2000. "UNESCO RED BOOK ON ENDANGERED LANGUAGES: NORTHEAST ASIA." Online: http://www.helsinki.fi/~tasalmin/nasia_report.html | 0? | ~700 | 0 | <50 | 1993 | 10-99 | mean age of youngest speakers: mainly from 60 years up | Russian, Yakut, Koryak, Even | degree of speakers' competence: mainly rudimentary, all the remaining speakers being multilingual in Russian, Yakut, Even, Koryak, and other languages | all | Critically Endangered (80 percent certain, based on the evidence available) | 15 | 15 | Russia | in the tundra zone, in a belt extending from the lower Indigirka in the west close to the lower Kolyma basin in the east; administratively within the Yakut (Sakha) Republic (Yakutia); previously in a much wider area in the Lena-Yana-Indigirka-Kolyma region | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
World Oral Literature Project | http://www.oralliterature.org | "World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org. | 100 | 100-999 | Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
9985-936922 | 1993 | The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire | Andrew Humphreys and Krista Mits | http://www.eki.ee/books/redbook | "The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire." edited by Andrew Humphreys and Krista Mits. Online: http://www.eki.ee/books/redbook. | 835 | 310 | 1979 | 100-999 | In 1979 37.5%% of the ethnic population of 835, were considered to be native speakers which is 310. | Yakut, Russian | Severely Endangered (80 percent certain, based on the evidence available) | 14 | 14 | There are a small number of the Yukaghir live in the Nizhnekolymsk district in Yakutia (the Forest Yukaghir or the Odul) and in the Srednekansk district in the Magadan region (the Tundra Yukaghir or the Vadul). |