Endangered Languages Project

ALSO KNOWN AS		Machaguenga, Amachengue, Macheyenga, Matsiguenga, Matsiganga, Matsigenka, Mañaries, Matsigenga
CLASSIFICATION		Arawakan, Southern Arawakan, Campa
CODE AUTHORITY		ISO 639-3
LANGUAGE CODE		mcb
VARIANTS & DIALECTS		Nomatsiguenga Caquinte Machiguenga
DOWNLOAD		As csv
MORE RESOURCES		OLAC search
ADDITIONAL COMMENTS		There is some confusion in the sources regarding the names Machiguenga (Matsiguenga) and Nomatsiguenga and the languages or varieties to which they refer.

Compare Sources (8)

Information from: “Language endangerment in South America: The clock is ticking” (167-234) . Crevels, Mily (2012) , Lyle Campbell and Veronica Grondona · Mouton de Gruyter

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
5,000
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
8679

DATE OF INFO: 1993

PLACES: Peru

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
10,100
Native speakers worldwide
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS

DATE OF INFO: 2000

PLACES: Peru;

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Cusco, Madre de Dios, and Ucayali regions; Urubamba, Camisea, Picha, Manu, Timpia, Tigompinia, Kompiroshiato, and Mishagua rivers.

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
11,000
Native speakers worldwide

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
10,149
Native speakers worldwide

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
~5,910
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
13,000
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
Children no longer acquire the language. Nevertheless, Machiguenga is not endangered
on the Manu River, where the Machiguenga teachers from the Urubamba River area are interested in implementing a formalised bilingual education programme.

PLACES: Peru

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: along the Upper and Lower Urubamba and its tributaries, along the Manu River and its tributaries, on the left-bank tributaries of the Madre de Dios, and some families on
the headwaters of the Colorado River.

More on Orthography: An official alphabet was created in 2009 (2552-2009 RD-ED).

PLACES: Peru

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Spoken in the basins of the Urubamba, Sensa, Picha, Yamariato, Mantalo, Yavero, and Madre de Dios rivers (among others), in the departments of Cusco, Madre de Dios, Ayacucho, and Lima, in Peru.

Threatened

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available
5910
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
13,000

DATE OF INFO: 2007

SPEAKER NUMBER TRENDS

TRANSMISSION

MORE ON VITALITY

Quechua and Spanish [spa] are replacing Machiguenga in some areas where children no longer acquire the language. Not endangered on the Manu River, where teachers from Urubamba River area are interested in implementing a formalized bilingual education program (Crevels 2007). All ages.

OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY

Spanish

LANGUAGE CONTEXT COMMENTS

Used as L2 by Caquinte [cot], Nanti [cox], and Yine [pib].

PLACES: Peru

ADDITIONAL COMMENTS: Cusco, Madre de Dios, and Ucayali regions: Camisea, Kompiroshiato, Picha, Manu, Mishagua, Tigompinia, Timpia, and Urubamba rivers.

			Base de Datos de Pueblos Indígenas u Originarios						Lima, Peru	http://bdpi.cultura.gob.pe/	Ministerio de Cultura															Peru	Spoken in the basins of the Urubamba, Sensa, Picha, Yamariato, Mantalo, Yavero, and Madre de Dios rivers (among others), in the departments of Cusco, Madre de Dios, Ayacucho, and Lima, in Peru.
0199255911		2005	The World Atlas of Language Structures			Bernard Comrie and David Gil and Martin Haspelmath and Matthew S. Dryer		Oxford University Press	New York			2005. "The World Atlas of Language Structures." edited by Bernard Comrie et al. Oxford University Press.																-12.0,-72.6666666667
	16	2009	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)			M. Paul Lewis		SIL International	Dallas, TX	http://www.ethnologue.com/		Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)	ll_pub		10,100	2000	10000-99999				Vulnerable (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)					Peru;	Cusco, Madre de Dios, and Ucayali regions; Urubamba, Camisea, Picha, Manu, Timpia, Tigompinia, Kompiroshiato, and Mishagua rivers.
		2016	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 19th Edition (2016)			Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig	online	SIL International	Dallas, Texas	http://www.ethnologue.com		Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig (eds.). 2016. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Nineteenth edition (2016). Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Online version: http://www.ethnologue.com.		13,000	5910	2007	1000-9999		Spanish	Used as L2 by Caquinte [cot], Nanti [cox], and Yine [pib].	Threatened (80 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	11	Quechua and Spanish [spa] are replacing Machiguenga in some areas where children no longer acquire the language. Not endangered on the Manu River, where teachers from Urubamba River area are interested in implementing a formalized bilingual education program (Crevels 2007). All ages.	12	Cusco, Madre de Dios, and Ucayali regions: Camisea, Kompiroshiato, Picha, Manu, Mishagua, Tigompinia, Timpia, and Urubamba rivers.	Peru
	3rd	2010	Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger					UNESCO Publishing	Paris	http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas	Christopher Moseley (ed.)	Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)	ll_pub		11,000		10000-99999				Vulnerable (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)							-11.8888,-72.9052
		2007	South America	Atlas of the World's Endangered Languages	103-196	C. Moseley		London & New York: Routledge			Mily Crevels	Crevels, Mily. 2007. "South America." In Atlas of the World's Endangered Languages, edited by C. Moseley. 103-196. London & New York: Routledge.	HHOLD	13,000	~5,910		1000-9999	Children no longer acquire the language. Nevertheless, Machiguenga is not endangered on the Manu River, where the Machiguenga teachers from the Urubamba River area are interested in implementing a formalised bilingual education programme.			Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)					Peru	along the Upper and Lower Urubamba and its tributaries, along the Manu River and its tributaries, on the left-bank tributaries of the Madre de Dios, and some families on the headwaters of the Colorado River.
			World Oral Literature Project							http://www.oralliterature.org		"World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.			10,149		10000-99999				Vulnerable (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)
		2012	Language endangerment in South America: The clock is ticking	The Indigenous Languages of South America: A Comprehensive Guide	167-234	Lyle Campbell and Veronica Grondona		Mouton de Gruyter	Berlin		Crevels, Mily	Crevels, Mily. 2012. "Language Endangerment in South America: The Clock Is Ticking." In The Indigenous Languages of South America: A Comprehensive Guide, edited by Hans Henrich Hock et al.. 167-234. Mouton de Gruyter.		8679	5,000	1993	1000-9999				Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)					Peru

Machiguenga

Language metadata

Language information by source

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

5,000

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

10,100

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

11,000

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

10,149

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

~5,910

Threatened

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

5910

Discussion

Machiguenga

Language metadata

Language information by source

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

5,000

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

10,100

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

11,000

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

10,149

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

~5,910

Threatened

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

5910

Discussion

Suggest information or improvement

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Sources of information

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