Endangered Languages Project

ALSO KNOWN AS		Macca, Towothli, Enimaga, Maca, Towolhi, Maka, Mak'á, Enimaca, Nynaka, Toothle, Macá
CLASSIFICATION		Matacoan
CODE AUTHORITY		ISO 639-3
LANGUAGE CODE		mca
DOWNLOAD		As csv
MORE RESOURCES		OLAC search

Compare Sources (6)

Information from: “Language endangerment in South America: The clock is ticking” (167-234) . Crevels, Mily (2012) , Lyle Campbell and Veronica Grondona · Mouton de Gruyter

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
1,042
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
1307

PLACES: Paraguay

PLACES: Mariano Roque Alonso

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
1,500
Native speakers worldwide

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
985
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
1,060

PLACES: Paraguay

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Nueva Colonia Indigena Maka, located in the Mariano Roque Alonso District at a distance of 20km from the city of Asuncion; Puerto Botanico (Asuncion); Cuatro Vientos (Chaco)

Vulnerable

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available
1500
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
1500
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
(Unchanged 2016.)

DATE OF INFO: 2000

DOMAINS OF USE

SPEAKER NUMBER TRENDS

TRANSMISSION

MORE ON VITALITY

Vigorous. Older adults and preschool children monolingual. Home, village, church. All ages. Very positive attitudes. Language and identity closely linked. Strong cultural cohesion. Men are more proficient in Spanish [spa] than women.

PLACES: Paraguay;

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: "Southwest, Presidente Hayes Department, Qemkuket; Main village north of Asunción in Mariano Roque Alonso; Par River; a changing number in a very small reserve in Ciudad del Este 4 blocks from the bridge to Brazil; Encarnación near the airfield."

ADDITIONAL COMMENTS: Itapúa Department, Ita Paso; Alto Paraná Department, Micro Centro; Central Department, Comunidad Maká (Corumba Kue); Presidente Hayes Department, Villa Hayes and Kenkukek.

0199255911		2005	The World Atlas of Language Structures			Bernard Comrie and David Gil and Martin Haspelmath and Matthew S. Dryer	Oxford University Press	New York				2005. "The World Atlas of Language Structures." edited by Bernard Comrie et al. Oxford University Press.															-25.2122222, -57.5330556; -25.0,-57.5
	16	2009	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)			M. Paul Lewis	SIL International	Dallas, TX		http://www.ethnologue.com/		Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)	ll_pub	1500	1500	2000	1000-9999	(Unchanged 2016.)	Vulnerable (100 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	10	Vigorous. Older adults and preschool children monolingual. Home, village, church. All ages. Very positive attitudes. Language and identity closely linked. Strong cultural cohesion. Men are more proficient in Spanish [spa] than women.	11	11	Itapúa Department, Ita Paso; Alto Paraná Department, Micro Centro; Central Department, Comunidad Maká (Corumba Kue); Presidente Hayes Department, Villa Hayes and Kenkukek.	Paraguay;	"Southwest, Presidente Hayes Department, Qemkuket; Main village north of Asunción in Mariano Roque Alonso; Par River; a changing number in a very small reserve in Ciudad del Este 4 blocks from the bridge to Brazil; Encarnación near the airfield."	-25.2122222, -57.5330556
		2012	III Censo Nacional de Población y Viviendas para Pueblos Indígenas						DGEEC	http://www.dgeec.gov.py/Publicaciones/Biblioteca/censo%%20indigena%%202012/Pueblos%%20indigenas%%20en%%20el%%20Paraguay%%20%%20Resultados%%20preliminares%%20-%%20CNI%%202012.pdf		2012. "III Censo Nacional De Población Y Viviendas Para Pueblos Indígenas."													Mariano Roque Alonso		-25.2122222, -57.5330556
		2007	South America	Atlas of the World's Endangered Languages	103-196	C. Moseley	London & New York: Routledge				Mily Crevels	Crevels, Mily. 2007. "South America." In Atlas of the World's Endangered Languages, edited by C. Moseley. 103-196. London & New York: Routledge.	HHOLD	1,060	985		100-999		Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)						Paraguay	Nueva Colonia Indigena Maka, located in the Mariano Roque Alonso District at a distance of 20km from the city of Asuncion; Puerto Botanico (Asuncion); Cuatro Vientos (Chaco)
			World Oral Literature Project							http://www.oralliterature.org		"World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.			1,500		1000-9999		Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)
		2012	Language endangerment in South America: The clock is ticking	The Indigenous Languages of South America: A Comprehensive Guide	167-234	Lyle Campbell and Veronica Grondona	Mouton de Gruyter	Berlin			Crevels, Mily	Crevels, Mily. 2012. "Language Endangerment in South America: The Clock Is Ticking." In The Indigenous Languages of South America: A Comprehensive Guide, edited by Hans Henrich Hock et al.. 167-234. Mouton de Gruyter.		1307	1,042		1000-9999		Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)						Paraguay

Maká

Language metadata

Language information by source

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1,042

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1,500

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

985

Vulnerable

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1500

Discussion

Maká

Language metadata

Language information by source

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1,042

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1,500

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

985

Vulnerable

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1500

Discussion

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