来源： “Given Names, Judaism, and Jewish History” ( ch. The Development of Yiddish Over the Ages) . G. L. Esterson (2001)

来源： “Yiddish” (95) . S.A. Birnbaum (2008)

来源： “The World Atlas of Language Structures” . , Bernard Comrie and David Gil and Martin Haspelmath and Matthew S. Dryer · Oxford University Press

来源： “Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)” . , M. Paul Lewis · SIL International