Endangered Languages Project

ALSO KNOWN AS		Eñepa, E'ñepa, Panari, Abira, Eye, E'ñapa Woromaipu
CLASSIFICATION		Cariban, Venezuelan
CODE AUTHORITY		ISO 639-3
LANGUAGE CODE		pbh
DOWNLOAD		As csv
MORE RESOURCES		OLAC search

Compare Sources (6)

Information from: “A Typological Grammar of Panare: A Cariban Language of Venezuela” . Payne, Thomas E., and Doris L. Payne. (2012) Brill, Leiden

Vulnerable

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available
3100
Native speakers worldwide

DOMAINS OF USE

SPEAKER NUMBER TRENDS

TRANSMISSION

MORE ON VITALITY

We estimate that ... 90% of the women and 70% of the men are monolingual. The remaining 30% of the men and 10% of the women (20% of the entire population) are bilingual in Spanish to varying degrees.

OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY

Spanish

LANGUAGE CONTEXT COMMENTS

We estimate that ... 90% of the women and 7o% of the men are monolingual. The remaining 30% of the men and 10% of the women (20% of the entire population) are bilingual in Spanish to varying degrees.

PLACES: Venezuela

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: From the 6th to the 8th parallel north, and form the 65th to the 67th meridian, mostly within the Distrito Cedeño of Estado Bolívar in the central plains of Venezuela, just south of the Orinoco River at Caicara, and east of Puerto Carreño.

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
3,000
Native speakers worldwide

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
3540
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
4270
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
3540 (2001 census). Nearly all women are monolingual; men bilingual in Spanish to varying degrees.
(Unchanged 2016.)

DATE OF INFO: 2001 (census)

OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY

PLACES: Venezuela;

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Bolivar State, 240 km south of Caicara de Orinoco, west of the Cuchivero River; savannah and highland groups. 20 or more settlements.

ADDITIONAL COMMENTS: Bolivar State, 240 km south of Caicara de Orinoco, west of the Cuchivero River; savannah and highland groups. 20 or more settlements.

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
4184
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
4,269

DATE OF INFO: 2001

PLACES: Venezuela

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
1,200
Native speakers worldwide

0199255911		2005	The World Atlas of Language Structures			Bernard Comrie and David Gil and Martin Haspelmath and Matthew S. Dryer	Oxford University Press	New York			2005. "The World Atlas of Language Structures." edited by Bernard Comrie et al. Oxford University Press.																	6.5,-66.0
		2012	A Typological Grammar of Panare: A Cariban Language of Venezuela	A Typological Grammar of Panare: A Cariban Language of Venezuela			Brill, Leiden			Payne, Thomas E., and Doris L. Payne.	Payne, Thomas E., and Doris L. Payne. 2012. A Typological Grammar of Panare: A Cariban Language of Venezuela. Leiden: Brill.			3100		1000-9999		Spanish	We estimate that ... 90% of the women and 7o% of the men are monolingual. The remaining 30% of the men and 10% of the women (20% of the entire population) are bilingual in Spanish to varying degrees.	Vulnerable (100 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	10	We estimate that ... 90% of the women and 70% of the men are monolingual. The remaining 30% of the men and 10% of the women (20% of the entire population) are bilingual in Spanish to varying degrees.	11	11		Venezuela	From the 6th to the 8th parallel north, and form the 65th to the 67th meridian, mostly within the Distrito Cedeño of Estado Bolívar in the central plains of Venezuela, just south of the Orinoco River at Caicara, and east of Puerto Carreño.
	16	2009	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)			M. Paul Lewis	SIL International	Dallas, TX	http://www.ethnologue.com/		Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)	ll_pub	4270	3540	2001 (census)	1000-9999	3540 (2001 census). Nearly all women are monolingual; men bilingual in Spanish to varying degrees. (Unchanged 2016.)	Spanish		Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)					Bolivar State, 240 km south of Caicara de Orinoco, west of the Cuchivero River; savannah and highland groups. 20 or more settlements.	Venezuela;	Bolivar State, 240 km south of Caicara de Orinoco, west of the Cuchivero River; savannah and highland groups. 20 or more settlements.
	3rd	2010	Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger				UNESCO Publishing	Paris	http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas	Christopher Moseley (ed.)	Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)	ll_pub		3,000		1000-9999				Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)								6.5445,-66.4233
			World Oral Literature Project						http://www.oralliterature.org		"World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.			1,200		1000-9999				Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)
		2012	Language endangerment in South America: The clock is ticking	The Indigenous Languages of South America: A Comprehensive Guide	167-234	Lyle Campbell and Veronica Grondona	Mouton de Gruyter	Berlin		Crevels, Mily	Crevels, Mily. 2012. "Language Endangerment in South America: The Clock Is Ticking." In The Indigenous Languages of South America: A Comprehensive Guide, edited by Hans Henrich Hock et al.. 167-234. Mouton de Gruyter.		4,269	4184	2001	1000-9999				Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)						Venezuela

Panare

Language metadata

Language information by source

Vulnerable

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available

3100

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

3,000

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

3540

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

4184

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1,200

Discussion

Panare

Language metadata

Language information by source

Vulnerable

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available

3100

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

3,000

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

3540

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

4184

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1,200

Discussion

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