Endangered Languages Project

"The Khakass language belongs to the Uighur-Oguz group in the eastern Hun branch of the Turkic languages. It has its genetic origin in the ancient Uighur language unity. The Khakass language is an aggregation of different tribal languages, and it has achieved its present form only during the 20th century. More colourful dialectal peculiarities have been levelled by the unified language. Former tribal languages constitute the dialects of the Khakass language. The internal Sagai dialect is spoken in the regions of Askyz and Tashtyp (the Beltyr subdialect forming a special group), the Katshin dialect in the regions of Ust-Abakan, Altai and Shirin, the Kyzyl dialect in the Saralin and Shirin regions, the Shor dialect (NB! not the language) in the Tashtyp region. The Sagai and the Kachin dialects have the greatest number of speakers and are the most widespread. " - The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire

ALSO KNOWN AS		Khakhas, Abakan Tatar, хакасский язык, Хакас тілі, Xakas tįlį, тадар тілі, Hakasça, Hakas Türkçesi, Yenisei Tatar, Sagaijer, South Siberian Turkic, Abaqan, Khakhass, Xakas, Kamacintzi, ハカス語, 하카스어, 哈卡斯语,
CLASSIFICATION		Turkic, Siberian Turkic, Yenisei Turki
ORTHOGRAPHY		Cyrillic script
CODE AUTHORITY		ISO 639-3
LANGUAGE CODE		kjh
VARIANTS & DIALECTS		Sagai Kamassian Shor Beltir Kacha Kyzyl
DOWNLOAD		As csv
MORE RESOURCES		OLAC search

Compare Sources (6)

Information from: “Europe and North Asia” (211-282) . Tapani Salminen (2007) , C. Moseley · London & New York: Routledge

Threatened

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available
6,000
Native speakers worldwide

DOMAINS OF USE
TRANSMISSION
Scripts (Writing system): Cyrillic script

PLACES: Siberia, Russian Federation

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Western Minusink steppe region on the Upper Yenisey in Southern Siberia.

Endangered

40 percent certain, based on the evidence available
60,880
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
80,000
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
About 76.1% of the population were reported to be native speakers.

DATE OF INFO: 1989

DOMAINS OF USE
OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY
LANGUAGE CONTEXT COMMENTS: "...since the 1960s loans from Russian have been incorporated in almost their original forms while a part of the adapted loans or the Khakass words have been fully replaced by Russian words. As a result, the Khakass language lacks a vocabulary for modern technics and many other modern concepts, and Russian has to be used instead. "
More on Orthography: A. Kazanakov worked out the orthography of the literary language and wrote the first text-books.

PLACES: Siberia

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: The Khakass live in Siberia, on the middle reaches of the River Yenisey and on the upper reaches of its tributaries, the Abakan and the Chulym. On an administrative level they belong to the Khakass Autonomous Region in the Kransoyarsk District of the Russian Federation -- an area of some 61,900 square kilometres). The northern and eastern parts of the region are flat steppelands (the Abakan-Minusinsk Basin), while the southern and western regions are mountainous.

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
64,810
Native speakers worldwide

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
20,010
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
75,600
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
20,000 in Russian Federation (2007 SIL), decreasing. Stable population; noticeable urbanization. Population total all countries: 20,010. Ethnic population: 75,600 in the Russian Federation

DATE OF INFO: 2007

PLACES: China; Russia

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
52,217
Native speakers worldwide

		2007	Europe and North Asia	Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages	211-282	C. Moseley	London & New York: Routledge			Tapani Salminen	Salminen, Tapani. 2007. "Europe and North Asia." In Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages, edited by C. Moseley. 211-282. London & New York: Routledge.	HHOLD		6,000		10000-99999				Threatened (80 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	12	12	Siberia, Russian Federation	Western Minusink steppe region on the Upper Yenisey in Southern Siberia.
0199255911		2005	The World Atlas of Language Structures			Bernard Comrie and David Gil and Martin Haspelmath and Matthew S. Dryer	Oxford University Press	New York			2005. "The World Atlas of Language Structures." edited by Bernard Comrie et al. Oxford University Press.														53.0,90.0
	16	2009	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)			M. Paul Lewis	SIL International	Dallas, TX	http://www.ethnologue.com/		Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)	ll_pub	75,600	20,010	2007	1000-9999	20,000 in Russian Federation (2007 SIL), decreasing. Stable population; noticeable urbanization. Population total all countries: 20,010. Ethnic population: 75,600 in the Russian Federation			Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)			China; Russia
	3rd	2010	Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger				UNESCO Publishing	Paris	http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas	Christopher Moseley (ed.)	Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)	ll_pub		52,217		10000-99999				Vulnerable (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)					53.7746,90.3735
			World Oral Literature Project						http://www.oralliterature.org		"World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.			64,810		10000-99999				Vulnerable (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)
9985-936922		1993	The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire			Andrew Humphreys and Krista Mits			http://www.eki.ee/books/redbook		"The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire." edited by Andrew Humphreys and Krista Mits. Online: http://www.eki.ee/books/redbook.		80,000	60,880	1989	10000-99999	About 76.1% of the population were reported to be native speakers.	Russian	"...since the 1960s loans from Russian have been incorporated in almost their original forms while a part of the adapted loans or the Khakass words have been fully replaced by Russian words. As a result, the Khakass language lacks a vocabulary for modern technics and many other modern concepts, and Russian has to be used instead. "	Endangered (40 percent certain, based on the evidence available)		14	Siberia	The Khakass live in Siberia, on the middle reaches of the River Yenisey and on the upper reaches of its tributaries, the Abakan and the Chulym. On an administrative level they belong to the Khakass Autonomous Region in the Kransoyarsk District of the Russian Federation -- an area of some 61,900 square kilometres). The northern and eastern parts of the region are flat steppelands (the Abakan-Minusinsk Basin), while the southern and western regions are mountainous.

Khakas

Language metadata

Language information by source

Threatened

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

6,000

Endangered

40 percent certain, based on the evidence available

60,880

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

64,810

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

20,010

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

52,217

Discussion

Khakas

Language metadata

Language information by source

Threatened

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

6,000

Endangered

40 percent certain, based on the evidence available

60,880

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

64,810

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

20,010

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

52,217

Discussion

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