Endangered Languages Project - Holikachuk

Holikachuk

^{[aka Upper Innoko, Innoko]}

Classification: Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit

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dormant

ALSO KNOWN AS		Upper Innoko, Innoko
CLASSIFICATION		Athabaskan-Eyak-Tlingit, Athabaskan, Northern Athabaskan
CODE AUTHORITY		ISO 639-3
LANGUAGE CODE		hoi
DOWNLOAD		As csv
MORE RESOURCES		OLAC search
ADDITIONAL COMMENTS		Holikachuk is intermediate between Ingalik and Koyukon, and was only identified as a separate language in the 1970s.

Compare Sources (7)

Information from: “Alaska Native Language Loses Last Fluent Speaker” . ICTMN Staff (2012)

Dormant
0
Native speakers worldwide
SEMI SPEAKERS
probably a few
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
"The world and the Holikachuk Athabascan language suffered a great loss with the passing of Wilson 'Tiny' Deacon on March 10, 2012. He was 86. According to Julie Raymond-Yakoubian, of the University of Alaska-Fairbanks, he was the last fluent speaker of his language."

PLACES: USA

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Alaska: "now-abandoned village of Holikachuk on the Innoko River in interior Alaska"

Critically endangered

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available
6-7
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
~200
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
Holikachuk is intermediate between Ingalik and Koyukon, and was only identified as a separate language in the 1970s.

SPEAKER NUMBER TRENDS
TRANSMISSION

PLACES: Alaska

Critically endangered

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available
5
Native speakers worldwide

DATE OF INFO: 2000

SPEAKER NUMBER TRENDS
TRANSMISSION

PLACES: USA

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Alaska

Critically endangered

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available
6-7
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
200

TRANSMISSION

PLACES: USA

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Alaska: Grayling, lower Yukon River. Group of speakers used to live "at Holikachuk on the Innoko River" (Golla 2007:50).

Severely endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
12
Native speakers worldwide

Critically endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
6
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
200
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
(Golla 2007). (Unchanged 2016.)

DATE OF INFO: 2007

OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY

PLACES: USA

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: "Alaska, lower Yukon river, Grayling village."

Critically endangered

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available
5
Native speakers worldwide

TRANSMISSION

MORE ON VITALITY

"Older adults only."

PLACES: USA

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Alaska

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LOCATION INFORMATION

COORDINATES

64.2254,-155.3027

COORDINATES

64.2254,-155.3027

COORDINATES

Compare Sources (3)

Information from: “Endangered Languages of the United States” (108-130) . Christopher Rogers, Naomi Palosaari and Lyle Campbell (2010) , Christopher Moseley · UNESCO