Endangered Languages Project

ALSO KNOWN AS		Amazonas Macusa (pejorative)
CLASSIFICATION		Tikuna-Yurí
CODE AUTHORITY		ISO 639-3
LANGUAGE CODE		cby
DOWNLOAD		As csv
MORE RESOURCES		OLAC search
ADDITIONAL COMMENTS		In the remote upper River Puré and River Bernardo region in the Colombian Amazon rainforest. The name Carabayo derives from the (mock) name “Bernardo Caraballo”, which was given to a Carabayo man by local people during a brief encounter in the Colombian town La Pedrera (Bernardo Caraballo was the name of a Colombian boxing champion). Subsequently the Carabayo people and their language have been referred to as Caraballo. The 2013 Ethnologue language catalogue introduced Carabayo as an English version of the language name, and assigned the ISO 639-3 code cby to it. Seifart and Alvaro Echeverri (2014) demonstrated that it is closely related to Yurí and Tikuna (Tikuna-Yurí family).

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Information from: “Evidence for the Identification of Carabayo, the Language of an Uncontacted People of the Colombian Amazon, as Belonging to the Tikuna-Yurí Linguistic Family” . Seifart, Frank and Juan Alvaro Echeverri (2014)

Uncertain
Native speakers worldwide
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
In early 1969, a local Colombian and a local Miraña Indian undertook an expedition to the Carabayo's territory. When they did not return, a military commission that was sent to rescue them made violent contact with the Carabayo people and took one family hostage. This family, consisting of an adult couple and three children, was then held in the boarding school of the Capuchin mission in the Colombian town La Pedrera for a few weeks before they were ‘repatriated’.
All that is known of this language comes from the brief words taken down in 1969.

PLACES: Colombia

ADDITIONAL COMMENTS: In 1969 [they] live[d] in the upper River Puré/upper River Bernardo area, between the Putumayo and Caquetá rivers in the Colombian Amazon region.

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
217
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
217

DATE OF INFO: 2001

PLACES: Colombia

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
150
Native speakers worldwide

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
100-999
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
200

PLACES: Colombia

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Colombia, Department of Amazonas, on the right bank of the Caqueta and on the San Bernardo River.

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
150
Native speakers worldwide
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
(Unchanged 2016.)

DATE OF INFO: 2007

PLACES: Colombia;

ADDITIONAL COMMENTS: Amazonas Department, halfway between the San Bernardo and Pure rivers. At least 3 long houses.

	4	2014	Evidence for the Identification of Carabayo, the Language of an Uncontacted People of the Colombian Amazon, as Belonging to the Tikuna-Yurí Linguistic Family					PloS	9		http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0094814#pone-0094814-t007	Seifart, Frank and Juan Alvaro Echeverri	Seifart, Frank and Juan Alvaro Echeverri. "Evidence for the Identification of Carabayo, the Language of an Uncontacted People of the Colombian Amazon, as Belonging to the Tikuna-Yurí Linguistic Family." PloS one 9.4 (2014): e94814.			Uncertain			In early 1969, a local Colombian and a local Miraña Indian undertook an expedition to the Carabayo's territory. When they did not return, a military commission that was sent to rescue them made violent contact with the Carabayo people and took one family hostage. This family, consisting of an adult couple and three children, was then held in the boarding school of the Capuchin mission in the Colombian town La Pedrera for a few weeks before they were ‘repatriated’. All that is known of this language comes from the brief words taken down in 1969.		In 1969 [they] live[d] in the upper River Puré/upper River Bernardo area, between the Putumayo and Caquetá rivers in the Colombian Amazon region.	Colombia
16		2009	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)			M. Paul Lewis	SIL International			Dallas, TX	http://www.ethnologue.com/		Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)	ll_pub		150	2007	100-999	(Unchanged 2016.)	Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	Amazonas Department, halfway between the San Bernardo and Pure rivers. At least 3 long houses.	Colombia;
3rd		2010	Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger				UNESCO Publishing			Paris	http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas	Christopher Moseley (ed.)	Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)	ll_pub										-1.6666,-70.3333
		2007	South America	Atlas of the World's Endangered Languages	103-196	C. Moseley	London & New York: Routledge					Mily Crevels	Crevels, Mily. 2007. "South America." In Atlas of the World's Endangered Languages, edited by C. Moseley. 103-196. London & New York: Routledge.	HHOLD	200			100-999		Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)		Colombia	Colombia, Department of Amazonas, on the right bank of the Caqueta and on the San Bernardo River.
			World Oral Literature Project								http://www.oralliterature.org		"World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.			150		100-999		Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)
		2012	Language endangerment in South America: The clock is ticking	The Indigenous Languages of South America: A Comprehensive Guide	167-234	Lyle Campbell and Veronica Grondona	Mouton de Gruyter			Berlin		Crevels, Mily	Crevels, Mily. 2012. "Language Endangerment in South America: The Clock Is Ticking." In The Indigenous Languages of South America: A Comprehensive Guide, edited by Hans Henrich Hock et al.. 167-234. Mouton de Gruyter.		217	217	2001	100-999		Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)		Colombia

Carabayo

Language metadata

Language information by source

Uncertain

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

217

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

150

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

100-999

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

150

Discussion

Carabayo

Language metadata

Language information by source

Uncertain

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

217

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

150

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

100-999

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

150

Discussion

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