Endangered Languages Project

Severely endangered

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available
4,200
Native speakers worldwide
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
Spoken by 4,000 to 6,000 residents of the the former territory of the Muscogee (Creek) Nation and Seminole Nation in east-central Oklahoma, and by fewer than 200 members of Seminole Tribe of Florida, most of them living on the Brighton Reservation. The dialect of Creek spoken by the Florida Seminoles is distinct. There
are also some differences between the dialects of the tribal groups in Oklahoma. As of 2001, the youngest speaker in Oklahoma was 18, the youngest in Florida 44. Creek is routinely used among those in their 60s and above, and is also widely used at church services, for hymns, and for ceremonial speeches.

SPEAKER NUMBER TRENDS

TRANSMISSION

MORE ON VITALITY

As of 2001, the youngest speaker in Oklahoma was 18, the youngest in Florida 44. Creek is routinely used among those in their 60s and above, and is also widely used at church services, for hymns, and for ceremonial speeches.

SPEAKER ATTITUDE

As of 2001, the youngest speaker in Oklahoma was 18, the youngest in Florida 44. Creek is routinely used among those in their 60s and above, and is also widely used at church services, for hymns, and for ceremonial speeches.

PLACES: USA, Oklahoma, Florida

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
4,300
Native speakers worldwide

Threatened

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available
4,000-6,000
Native speakers worldwide

DOMAINS OF USE

SPEAKER NUMBER TRENDS

TRANSMISSION

MORE ON VITALITY

As of 2001, the youngest speaker in Oklahoma was 18, the youngest in Florida 44. Creek is routinely used among those in their 60s and above, and is also widely used at church services, for hymns, and for ceremonial speeches.

OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY

English

LANGUAGE CONTEXT COMMENTS

Several schools have attempted to introduce Creek in the first few years of primary education, and it has been taught in one elementary school in Florida since 1979. Courses are offered in Creek at the University of Oklahoma and other institutions, and approximately 100 adults study Creek formally each year.

Scripts (Writing system)

Alphabetic

More on Orthography

An alphabet devised by missionaries in the 19th century is widely used.

PLACES: USA, Oklahoma, Florida

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Spoken by residents of the the former territory of the Muscogee (Creek) Nation and Seminole Nation in
east-central Oklahoma, and by members of Seminole Tribe of Florida, most of them living on the Brighton Reservation.

PLACES: USA, Oklahoma, Florida

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
4300
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
7215
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
4300 (1997 C. Pye). 43 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 7215 (2000 US census).

(4000 [2016.])

DATE OF INFO: 1997 (speakers), 2000 (ethnic population)

PLACES: USA, Oklahoma, Florida

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: East central Oklahoma, Creek and Seminole, south Alabama Creek; Florida, Seminole of Brighton Reservation.

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
5,000
Native speakers worldwide

PLACES: USA, Oklahoma, Florida

ALSO KNOWN AS		Creek, Northern Muskogean, Creek-Seminole, Maskoki Proper, Maskoke, Seminole
CLASSIFICATION		Muskogean
ORTHOGRAPHY		Alphabetic
CODE AUTHORITY		ISO 639-3
LANGUAGE CODE		mus
VARIANTS & DIALECTS		Seminole Creek
DOWNLOAD		As csv
MORE RESOURCES		OLAC search

0199255911			2005	The World Atlas of Language Structures			Bernard Comrie and David Gil and Martin Haspelmath and Matthew S. Dryer	Oxford University Press	New York			2005. "The World Atlas of Language Structures." edited by Bernard Comrie et al. Oxford University Press.																		33.0,-84.0
		16	2009	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)			M. Paul Lewis	SIL International	Dallas, TX	http://www.ethnologue.com/		Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)	ll_pub	7215	4300	1997 (speakers), 2000 (ethnic population)	1000-9999	4300 (1997 C. Pye). 43 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 7215 (2000 US census). (4000 [2016.])					Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)					USA, Oklahoma, Florida	East central Oklahoma, Creek and Seminole, south Alabama Creek; Florida, Seminole of Brighton Reservation.
		3rd	2010	Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger				UNESCO Publishing	Paris	http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas	Christopher Moseley (ed.)	Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)	ll_pub		5,000		1000-9999						Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)					USA, Oklahoma, Florida		35.6319,-95.9616
			2008	North America	Atlas of the World's Languages	7-41	Chris Moseley and Ron Asher	Routledge	London		Victor Golla and Ives Goddard and Lyle Campbell and Marianne Mithun and Mauricio Mixco	Victor Golla, Ives Goddard, Lyle Campbell, Marianne Mithun and Mauricio Mixco. 2008. "North America." In Atlas of the World's Languages, edited by Chris Moseley and Ron Asher. 7-41. Routledge.			4,200		1000-9999	Spoken by 4,000 to 6,000 residents of the the former territory of the Muscogee (Creek) Nation and Seminole Nation in east-central Oklahoma, and by fewer than 200 members of Seminole Tribe of Florida, most of them living on the Brighton Reservation. The dialect of Creek spoken by the Florida Seminoles is distinct. There are also some differences between the dialects of the tribal groups in Oklahoma. As of 2001, the youngest speaker in Oklahoma was 18, the youngest in Florida 44. Creek is routinely used among those in their 60s and above, and is also widely used at church services, for hymns, and for ceremonial speeches.		As of 2001, the youngest speaker in Oklahoma was 18, the youngest in Florida 44. Creek is routinely used among those in their 60s and above, and is also widely used at church services, for hymns, and for ceremonial speeches.			Severely Endangered (80 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	14	As of 2001, the youngest speaker in Oklahoma was 18, the youngest in Florida 44. Creek is routinely used among those in their 60s and above, and is also widely used at church services, for hymns, and for ceremonial speeches.		15	USA, Oklahoma, Florida
		2nd edition	2010	Endangered Languages of the United States	Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger of Disappearing	108-130	Christopher Moseley	UNESCO	Paris		Christopher Rogers, Naomi Palosaari and Lyle Campbell	Christopher Rogers, Naomi Palosaari and Lyle Campbell. 2010. "Endangered Languages of the United States." In Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger of Disappearing, edited by Christopher Moseley. 108-130. UNESCO.																USA, Oklahoma, Florida		35.6319,-95.9616
				World Oral Literature Project						http://www.oralliterature.org		"World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.			4,300		1000-9999						Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)
070071197X	3	1	2007	Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages				Routledge	Abingdon		Christopher Moseley	Moseley, Christopher. 2007. Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages, 1 edn. Abingdon: Routledge. ISBN 070071197X	ll_pub		4,000-6,000		1000-9999		English		Several schools have attempted to introduce Creek in the first few years of primary education, and it has been taught in one elementary school in Florida since 1979. Courses are offered in Creek at the University of Oklahoma and other institutions, and approximately 100 adults study Creek formally each year.	Almost all except the elderly	Threatened (100 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	12	As of 2001, the youngest speaker in Oklahoma was 18, the youngest in Florida 44. Creek is routinely used among those in their 60s and above, and is also widely used at church services, for hymns, and for ceremonial speeches.	12	12	USA, Oklahoma, Florida	Spoken by residents of the the former territory of the Muscogee (Creek) Nation and Seminole Nation in east-central Oklahoma, and by members of Seminole Tribe of Florida, most of them living on the Brighton Reservation.

Muskogee

Language metadata

Language information by source

Severely endangered

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

4,200

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

4,300

Threatened

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available

4,000-6,000

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

4300

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

5,000

Discussion

Muskogee

Language metadata

Language information by source

Severely endangered

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

4,200

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

4,300

Threatened

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available

4,000-6,000

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

4300

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

5,000

Discussion

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