Did you know Éy7á7juuthem (Comox) is critically endangered?

ALSO KNOWN AS		Comox, Mainland Comox, Sliammon, Klahoose, Homalco, Comox-Sliammon, Çatlotq, Comox Cluster, Comux, Tla'amin, Ay-A-Ju-Thum, ʔayʔaǰuθəm,
CLASSIFICATION		Salishan, Central Salish
CODE AUTHORITY		ISO 639-3
LANGUAGE CODE		coo
VARIANTS & DIALECTS		Island Comox Mainland Comox
DOWNLOAD		As csv
MORE RESOURCES		OLAC search
ADDITIONAL COMMENTS		Island Comox and Mainland Comox dialects are recognized, the latter divided into three varieties associated respectively with the Homalco, Klahoose, and Sliammon Bands.

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Information from: “First Peoples' Language Map of British Columbia” .

Critically endangered

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available
64
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
2,288
SEMI SPEAKERS
328

SPEAKER NUMBER TRENDS
TRANSMISSION

PLACES: Canada

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: British Columbia

Severely endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
30
Native speakers worldwide

PLACES: Canada

Critically endangered

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available
47
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
2037
SEMI SPEAKERS
106

SPEAKER NUMBER TRENDS

TRANSMISSION

MORE ON VITALITY

2.3% fluent, 5.2%, 17.7% learners.

Critically endangered

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available
36
Native speakers worldwide
SEMI SPEAKERS
705

SPEAKER NUMBER TRENDS

TRANSMISSION

MORE ON VITALITY

1.9% fluent speakers, 37.2% semispeakers, 18.6% learners.

OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY

English

LANGUAGE CONTEXT COMMENTS

Éy7á7juuthem (Comox) has been taught in the public school system since the early 1990s and it is accepted as a second language at three universities.

PLACES: Canada: British Columbia

ADDITIONAL COMMENTS: British Columbia:
Homalco First Nation
Klahoose First Nation
K'omoks First Nation
Sliammon First Nation
Urban areas, especially Courtenay and Powell River

Critically endangered

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available
<60
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
1,500
ELDERS
most of them 55 or older
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
The last fluent speaker of Island Comox died in the mid-1990s. Although in the early 1980s Mainland Comox was reported to be spoken fluently by about one-third of the population, in 2000 it was estimated that there were 60 or fewer active first-language speakers, most of them 55 or older, in a total population of 1,500.

SPEAKER NUMBER TRENDS
TRANSMISSION
OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY

PLACES: Canada

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: British Columbia. Spoken at the northern end of the Strait of Georgia in British Columbia, both on the mainland and on the east coast of Vancouver Island.

Critically endangered

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available
40
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
1500

DATE OF INFO: 2007

TRANSMISSION

MORE ON VITALITY

Older adults. Speakers are highly bilingual in English. Some in ethnic group speak English as L1.

INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT

Community-based language projects.

OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY

English

PLACES: Canada;

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: British Columbia, Vancouver Island, and coast north of Powell River.

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
400
Native speakers worldwide

78 fluent and 160 semi-speakers. 242 language learners
Native speakers worldwide
SEMI SPEAKERS
160

Critically endangered

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available
<60
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
1,500

DATE OF INFO: 2000

SPEAKER NUMBER TRENDS
TRANSMISSION
LANGUAGE CONTEXT COMMENTS: There are community-based language projects on both the Homalco Reserve at Campbell River and the Sliammon Reserve at Powell River, and there is a Comox language program in the Powell River school system.

PLACES: Canada

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: British Columbia. Spoken at the northern end of the straight of Georgia, both on the mainland and on the east coast of Vancouver Island.

			2012	First Peoples' Language Map of British Columbia							First Peoples' Cultural Council	http://www.maps.fphlcc.ca/		2012. "First Peoples' Language Map of British Columbia." edited by First Peoples' Cultural Council. Online: http://www.maps.fphlcc.ca/.		2,288	64		10-99		328							Critically Endangered (80 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	15		15		Canada	British Columbia	50.3900000, -124.6400000
0199255911			2005	The World Atlas of Language Structures			Bernard Comrie and David Gil and Martin Haspelmath and Matthew S. Dryer		Oxford University Press	New York				2005. "The World Atlas of Language Structures." edited by Bernard Comrie et al. Oxford University Press.																					50.1666666667,-125.0
		3rd	2010	Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger					UNESCO Publishing	Paris		http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas	Christopher Moseley (ed.)	Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)	ll_pub		30		10-99									Severely Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)					Canada		49.6795,-124.9542
		3	2018	Report on the status of B.C. First Nations Languages					First People's Cultural Council		First Peoples' Cultural Council		Britt Dunlop, Suzanne Gessner, Tracey Herbert & Aliana Parker			2037	47		10-99		106							Critically Endangered (80 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	15	2.3% fluent, 5.2%, 17.7% learners.	15
			2014	Report on the status of B.C. First Nations Languages (2nd Edition) 2014				Website: http://www.fpcc.ca/files/PDF/Language/FPCC-LanguageReport-141016-WEB.pdf	First Peoples' Cultural Council (FPCC)			http://www.fpcc.ca/files/PDF/Language/FPCC-LanguageReport-141016-WEB.pdf	First Peoples' Cultural Council (FPCC)	First Peoples' Cultural Council (FPCC). 2014. Report on the status of B.C. First Nations Languages (2nd Edition). http://www.fpcc.ca/files/PDF/Language/FPCC-LanguageReport-141016-WEB.pdf			36		10-99		705			English	Éy7á7juuthem (Comox) has been taught in the public school system since the early 1990s and it is accepted as a second language at three universities.			Critically Endangered (80 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	15	1.9% fluent speakers, 37.2% semispeakers, 18.6% learners.	15	British Columbia: Homalco First Nation Klahoose First Nation K'omoks First Nation Sliammon First Nation Urban areas, especially Courtenay and Powell River	Canada: British Columbia
			2008	North America	Atlas of the World's Languages	7-41	Chris Moseley and Ron Asher		Routledge	London			Victor Golla and Ives Goddard and Lyle Campbell and Marianne Mithun and Mauricio Mixco	Victor Golla, Ives Goddard, Lyle Campbell, Marianne Mithun and Mauricio Mixco. 2008. "North America." In Atlas of the World's Languages, edited by Chris Moseley and Ron Asher. 7-41. Routledge.		1,500	<60		10-99	The last fluent speaker of Island Comox died in the mid-1990s. Although in the early 1980s Mainland Comox was reported to be spoken fluently by about one-third of the population, in 2000 it was estimated that there were 60 or fewer active first-language speakers, most of them 55 or older, in a total population of 1,500.		most of them 55 or older		English				Critically Endangered (80 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	15		15		Canada	British Columbia. Spoken at the northern end of the Strait of Georgia in British Columbia, both on the mainland and on the east coast of Vancouver Island.
		17th	2013	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 17th Edition (2013)			Paul M. Lewis; Gary F. Simons; and Charles D. Fennig		Dallas, Texas: SIL International			http://www.ethnologue.com Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 17th Edition (2013)		Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig (eds.), 2013. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 17th edition. Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Online version: http://www.ethnologue.com.		1500	40	2007	100-999					English		Community-based language projects.	All	Critically Endangered (60 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	15	Older adults. Speakers are highly bilingual in English. Some in ethnic group speak English as L1.			Canada;	British Columbia, Vancouver Island, and coast north of Powell River.
				World Oral Literature Project								http://www.oralliterature.org		"World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.			400		100-999									Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)
			2022	Report on the Status of B.C. First Nations Languages (Fourth Edition)								https://fpcc.ca/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/FPCC-LanguageReport-23.02.14-FINAL.pdf	Gessner, Suzanne, Tracey Herbertn and Aliana Parker				78 fluent and 160 semi-speakers. 242 language learners		100-999		160		242
070071197X	3	1	2007	Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages					Routledge	Abingdon			Christopher Moseley	Moseley, Christopher. 2007. Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages, 1 edn. Abingdon: Routledge. ISBN 070071197X	ll_pub	1,500	<60	2000	10-99						There are community-based language projects on both the Homalco Reserve at Campbell River and the Sliammon Reserve at Powell River, and there is a Comox language program in the Powell River school system.			Critically Endangered (80 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	15		15		Canada	British Columbia. Spoken at the northern end of the straight of Georgia, both on the mainland and on the east coast of Vancouver Island.

Éy7á7juuthem (Comox)

Language metadata

Language information by source

Critically endangered

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

64

Severely endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

30

Critically endangered

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

47

Critically endangered

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

36

Critically endangered

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

<60

Critically endangered

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available

40

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

400

78 fluent and 160 semi-speakers. 242 language learners

Critically endangered

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

<60

Discussion

Éy7á7juuthem (Comox)

Language metadata

Language information by source

Critically endangered

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

64

Severely endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

30

Critically endangered

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

47

Critically endangered

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

36

Critically endangered

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

<60

Critically endangered

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available

40

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

400

78 fluent and 160 semi-speakers. 242 language learners

Critically endangered

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

<60

Discussion

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