Endangered Languages Project

CLASSIFICATION		Algic, Algonquian
CODE AUTHORITY		ISO 639-3
LANGUAGE CODE		chy
VARIANTS & DIALECTS		Sutaio Cheyenne
DOWNLOAD		As csv
MORE RESOURCES		OLAC search

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Information from: “North America” (7-41) . Victor Golla and Ives Goddard and Lyle Campbell and Marianne Mithun and Mauricio Mixco (2008) , Chris Moseley and Ron Asher · Routledge

Endangered

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available
2,100
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
4,000 in Montana, ? Oklahoma
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
Spoken on the Northern Cheyenne Reservation in southeastern Montana, and in scattered communities in central Oklahoma.

DOMAINS OF USE

SPEAKER NUMBER TRENDS

TRANSMISSION

MORE ON VITALITY

Most speakers in Oklahoma are middle aged or older.

OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY

English

PLACES: Montana, Oklahoma

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
1720
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
2320
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
Data for the number of native speakers comes from the 1990 census. Data for the ethnic population is from the 2000 census.

DATE OF INFO: 1990

MORE ON VITALITY

The number of speakers is decreasing.

PLACES: USA; Montana; Oklahoma

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Northern Cheyenne Reservation, southeastern Montana; associated with Arapaho in western Oklahoma.

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
2,100
Native speakers worldwide

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
1,721
Native speakers worldwide

Endangered

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available
2,100
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
4,000

SPEAKER NUMBER TRENDS
TRANSMISSION
LANGUAGE CONTEXT COMMENTS: A bilingual education program is sponsored by the Northern Cheyenne Tribe and summer immersion camps have been held since 1998. The language is also taught at the tribally controlled Dull Knife Memorial College in Lame Deer, Montana, and at St. Labre Indian School in Ashland,
Montana.
More on Orthography: A standard orthography, based on a missionary writing system, has been used
in teaching programs and in published language materials since the early 1970s.

PLACES: Southeastern Montana and central Oklahoma

Ethnic population
10,050
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
Approximately 10,050 enrolled tribal members, with about 4,939 residing on the reservation.

PLACES: Montana, USA

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: The Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation, located in present-day southeastern Montana.

MORE ON VITALITY

In the 2010 Northern Cheyenne Language Survey, 110 adult respondents and 223 youth respondents indicated that they spoke the language.

Of the 110 adults, 52 rated their speaking proficiency as advanced or higher, and 91 indicated they can understand at least most of what is said when spoken to in Cheyenne.

Of the 223 youth, 19 rated their speaking proficiency as advanced or higher, and 53 indicated they can understand at least most of what is said when spoken to in Cheyenne.

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
2100
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
4000
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
Montana: 1700, Oklahoma 400 (Golla 2007).

DATE OF INFO: 2007

OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY

PLACES: USA: Montana, Oklahoma

ADDITIONAL COMMENTS: Montana: Northern Cheyenne Reservation; associated with Arapaho [arp] in western Oklahoma.

0199255911			2005	The World Atlas of Language Structures			Bernard Comrie and David Gil and Martin Haspelmath and Matthew S. Dryer		Oxford University Press	New York					2005. "The World Atlas of Language Structures." edited by Bernard Comrie et al. Oxford University Press.																	47.0,-95.0
		16	2009	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)			M. Paul Lewis		SIL International	Dallas, TX			http://www.ethnologue.com/		Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)	ll_pub	2320	1720	1990	1000-9999	Data for the number of native speakers comes from the 1990 census. Data for the ethnic population is from the 2000 census.			Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)		The number of speakers is decreasing.				USA; Montana; Oklahoma	Northern Cheyenne Reservation, southeastern Montana; associated with Arapaho in western Oklahoma.
			2016	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 19th Edition (2016)			Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig	online	SIL International	Dallas, Texas			http://www.ethnologue.com		Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig (eds.). 2016. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Nineteenth edition (2016). Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Online version: http://www.ethnologue.com.		4000	2100	2007	1000-9999	Montana: 1700, Oklahoma 400 (Golla 2007).	English		Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)					Montana: Northern Cheyenne Reservation; associated with Arapaho [arp] in western Oklahoma.	USA: Montana, Oklahoma
		3rd	2010	Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger					UNESCO Publishing	Paris			http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas	Christopher Moseley (ed.)	Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)	ll_pub		2,100		1000-9999				Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)								35.6022,-97.9766
			2011	Official Site of the Tsitsistas and So'taeo'o People							Northern Cheyenne Tribe		http://www.cheyennenation.com/		Northern Cheyenne Tribe. 2011. "Official Site of the Tsitsistas and So'taeo'o People." Online: http://www.cheyennenation.com/.		10,050				Approximately 10,050 enrolled tribal members, with about 4,939 residing on the reservation.									Montana, USA	The Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation, located in present-day southeastern Montana.
			2010	Northern Cheyenne Language Survey								Chief Dull Knife College			2010. "Northern Cheyenne Language Survey."											In the 2010 Northern Cheyenne Language Survey, 110 adult respondents and 223 youth respondents indicated that they spoke the language. Of the 110 adults, 52 rated their speaking proficiency as advanced or higher, and 91 indicated they can understand at least most of what is said when spoken to in Cheyenne. Of the 223 youth, 19 rated their speaking proficiency as advanced or higher, and 53 indicated they can understand at least most of what is said when spoken to in Cheyenne.
			2008	North America	Atlas of the World's Languages	7-41	Chris Moseley and Ron Asher		Routledge	London				Victor Golla and Ives Goddard and Lyle Campbell and Marianne Mithun and Mauricio Mixco	Victor Golla, Ives Goddard, Lyle Campbell, Marianne Mithun and Mauricio Mixco. 2008. "North America." In Atlas of the World's Languages, edited by Chris Moseley and Ron Asher. 7-41. Routledge.		4,000 in Montana, ? Oklahoma	2,100		1000-9999	Spoken on the Northern Cheyenne Reservation in southeastern Montana, and in scattered communities in central Oklahoma.	English		Endangered (100 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	13	Most speakers in Oklahoma are middle aged or older.	14	13		Montana, Oklahoma
		2nd edition	2010	Endangered Languages of the United States	Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger of Disappearing	108-130	Christopher Moseley		UNESCO	Paris				Christopher Rogers, Naomi Palosaari and Lyle Campbell	Christopher Rogers, Naomi Palosaari and Lyle Campbell. 2010. "Endangered Languages of the United States." In Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger of Disappearing, edited by Christopher Moseley. 108-130. UNESCO.																	45.5495,-106.5263; 35.6022,-97.9766
				World Oral Literature Project									http://www.oralliterature.org		"World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.			1,721		1000-9999				Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)
070071197X	3	1	2007	Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages					Routledge	Abingdon				Christopher Moseley	Moseley, Christopher. 2007. Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages, 1 edn. Abingdon: Routledge. ISBN 070071197X	ll_pub	4,000	2,100		1000-9999			A bilingual education program is sponsored by the Northern Cheyenne Tribe and summer immersion camps have been held since 1998. The language is also taught at the tribally controlled Dull Knife Memorial College in Lame Deer, Montana, and at St. Labre Indian School in Ashland, Montana.	Endangered (80 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	13			14		Southeastern Montana and central Oklahoma

Cheyenne

Language metadata

Language information by source

Endangered

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available

2,100

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1720

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

2,100

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1,721

Endangered

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

2,100

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

2100

Discussion

Cheyenne

Language metadata

Language information by source

Endangered

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available

2,100

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1720

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

2,100

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

1,721

Endangered

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

2,100

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

2100

Discussion

Suggest information or improvement

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Sources of information

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