Endangered Languages Project

ALSO KNOWN AS		Hitchiti, Mikasuki Seminole, Miccosukee, Hitchiti-Mikasuki, Mikasuki Cluster
CLASSIFICATION		Muskogean
CODE AUTHORITY		ISO 639-3
LANGUAGE CODE		mik
VARIANTS & DIALECTS		Mikasuki Hitchiti
DOWNLOAD		As csv
MORE RESOURCES		OLAC search

Compare Sources (7)

Information from: “North America” (7-41) . Victor Golla and Ives Goddard and Lyle Campbell and Marianne Mithun and Mauricio Mixco (2008) , Chris Moseley and Ron Asher · Routledge

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
~500?
Native speakers worldwide
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
Mikasuki is spoken in Florida by most of the 400 enrolled members of the Miccosukee Tribe, as well as by many of the 2,700 members of the Seminole Tribe.

PLACES: USA, Florida

ADDITIONAL COMMENTS: It is spoken in Florida by most of the 400 enrolled members of the Miccosukee Tribe, as well as by many of the 2,700 members of the Seminole Tribe. There are five Seminole reservation communities, with Mikasuki the dominant language at the Big Cypress, Immokalee, Hollywood, and Tampa reservations, while the Florida Seminole dialect of Creek is dominant at the Brighton Reservation.

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
496
Native speakers worldwide

PLACES: USA, Florida

Endangered

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available
400?
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
3100
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
190 (2010 census). Spoken by most of the 400 members of the Miccosukee Tribe as well as by many of the 2,700 members of the Seminole Tribe (Golla 2007).

DATE OF INFO: 2007

SPEAKER NUMBER TRENDS

TRANSMISSION

MORE ON VITALITY

Full range of social functions, spoken by tribal leaders, in churches, and at ceremonial groups, as well as in some schools.

OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY

English

LANGUAGE CONTEXT COMMENTS

Used as L2 by Muskogee [mus].

PLACES: USA: Florida

ADDITIONAL COMMENTS: Florida: Big Cypress, Immokalee, Hollywood, and Tampa Seminole reservations.

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
500
Native speakers worldwide

PLACES: USA, Florida

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
400
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
1,200
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
Data for the number of native speakers comes from the 2000 census. 33 monolinguals. Data for the ethnic population comes from SIL (1977).

DATE OF INFO: 2000

PLACES: USA;

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: The dominant language in 4 Seminole reservations: Big Cypress, Immokalee, Hollywood, Tampa in Florida.

0199255911		2005	The World Atlas of Language Structures			Bernard Comrie and David Gil and Martin Haspelmath and Matthew S. Dryer		Oxford University Press	New York			2005. "The World Atlas of Language Structures." edited by Bernard Comrie et al. Oxford University Press.																32.0,-85.0
	16	2009	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)			M. Paul Lewis		SIL International	Dallas, TX	http://www.ethnologue.com/		Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)	ll_pub	1,200	400	2000	100-999	Data for the number of native speakers comes from the 2000 census. 33 monolinguals. Data for the ethnic population comes from SIL (1977).			Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)					USA;	The dominant language in 4 Seminole reservations: Big Cypress, Immokalee, Hollywood, Tampa in Florida.
		2016	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 19th Edition (2016)			Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig	online	SIL International	Dallas, Texas	http://www.ethnologue.com		Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig (eds.). 2016. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Nineteenth edition (2016). Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Online version: http://www.ethnologue.com.		3100	400?	2007	1000-9999	190 (2010 census). Spoken by most of the 400 members of the Miccosukee Tribe as well as by many of the 2,700 members of the Seminole Tribe (Golla 2007).	English	Used as L2 by Muskogee [mus].	Endangered (80 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	13	Full range of social functions, spoken by tribal leaders, in churches, and at ceremonial groups, as well as in some schools.	14	Florida: Big Cypress, Immokalee, Hollywood, and Tampa Seminole reservations.	USA: Florida
	3rd	2010	Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger					UNESCO Publishing	Paris	http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas	Christopher Moseley (ed.)	Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)	ll_pub		500		100-999				Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)					USA, Florida		26.3202,-80.9877
		2008	North America	Atlas of the World's Languages	7-41	Chris Moseley and Ron Asher		Routledge	London		Victor Golla and Ives Goddard and Lyle Campbell and Marianne Mithun and Mauricio Mixco	Victor Golla, Ives Goddard, Lyle Campbell, Marianne Mithun and Mauricio Mixco. 2008. "North America." In Atlas of the World's Languages, edited by Chris Moseley and Ron Asher. 7-41. Routledge.			~500?		1000-9999	Mikasuki is spoken in Florida by most of the 400 enrolled members of the Miccosukee Tribe, as well as by many of the 2,700 members of the Seminole Tribe.			Threatened (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)				It is spoken in Florida by most of the 400 enrolled members of the Miccosukee Tribe, as well as by many of the 2,700 members of the Seminole Tribe. There are five Seminole reservation communities, with Mikasuki the dominant language at the Big Cypress, Immokalee, Hollywood, and Tampa reservations, while the Florida Seminole dialect of Creek is dominant at the Brighton Reservation.	USA, Florida
	2nd edition	2010	Endangered Languages of the United States	Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger of Disappearing	108-130	Christopher Moseley		UNESCO	Paris		Christopher Rogers, Naomi Palosaari and Lyle Campbell	Christopher Rogers, Naomi Palosaari and Lyle Campbell. 2010. "Endangered Languages of the United States." In Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger of Disappearing, edited by Christopher Moseley. 108-130. UNESCO.														USA, Florida		26.3202,-80.9877
			World Oral Literature Project							http://www.oralliterature.org		"World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.			496		100-999				Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)

Mikasuki

Language metadata

Language information by source

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

~500?

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

496

Endangered

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

400?

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

500

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

400

Discussion

Mikasuki

Language metadata

Language information by source

Threatened

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

~500?

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

496

Endangered

80 percent certain, based on the evidence available

400?

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

500

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

400

Discussion

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