濒危语言项目

别称		Yabarana, Yavarana, Yauarana, Mapoyo-Yavarana
语系		Cariban, Venezuelan
注册机构代码		ISO 639-3
语言代码		yar
下载		文件格式： csv
更多资源		OLAC 搜索
其他评论		Ethnologue (2013) lists 4 languages in its Mapoyo-Yavarana subgroup of Cariban: Mapoyo [mcg] , Pémono [pev], Tamanaku [tmz], Yabarana [yar]. Other sources differ by considering some of these to be dialects of Mapoyo-Yawarana. Gildea (personal communication 2014) reports that until we get some more reliable data, it appears that there are/were three languages: †Tamanaku, Mapoyo (ethnonym Wanai, dialect †Pémono), and Yawarana (with alternate names Orechicano, Curachicano, Woquiare). (See also Gildea 2013.) Tamanaku is long extinct, with no attested speakers for at least a century, and therefore does not have an entry of its only in this Catalogue. Mapoyo and Yawarana are generally considered separate languages, each with its own entry in this Catalogue. However, there were just some old wordlists for Yawarana and almost nothing for Mapoyo. Marie-Claude Mattéi Muller went to the Mapoyo area in the 1970s and collected some data, from which she extracted a Mapoyo wordlist (Mattéi Muller1977a, 1977b). Mattéi-Muller and Henley (1990) published Mattéi-Muller’s comparative wordlists, comparing her Mapoyo data to the published Yawarana words; they found 80% cognacy between the two and suggested maybe they were dialects of a single language. In 1998, Mattéi-Muller did fieldwork with the Yawarana, where she played a 1970s tape of Mapoyo speakers, and the Yawarana speakers (i) had difficulty understanding, but recognized Mapoyo as very closely related, and (ii) recognized the manner of speech as that of an old woman living in an isolated village far upstream. She went to this old speaker, who turned out to be the last speaker of Pémono, which seems to have been a dialect of Mapoyo (Mattéi Muller 2003).

Compare Sources (6)

信息不完整 “Personal communication about Mapoyo, Yawarana, Pémono, and Tamanaku” . Gildea, Spike

极危

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available
25?
全球范围内以此语言为母语的人
更多关于使用语言人数的信息
"Nobody knows how many Yawarana speakers there are: Migliazza (1980) said 42, Mattéi Muller (2003) said about 50, and the latest census (2011) shows that, of the 300 who identified as ethnic Yawarana, about half (150) also designated themselves as speakers. Of course, what this designation means to these "speakers" is not known. I would guess we have less than 50, and perhaps less than 25 fluent speakers. Mattéi-Muller knows one couple who still uses the language every day in their home, so there is still a chance that we could do some real documentation if someone moves fast."

使用领域
使用者趋势
传承情况
该群体使用的其他语言

地点: Venezuela

高危

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
35
全球范围内以此语言为母语的人
更多关于使用语言人数的信息
Speaker number data: (E. Migliazza 1977).

20 (1977 E. Migliazza); ethnic population: 320 (Crevels 2007) (2013).

地点: Venezuela;

地点描述: Amazonas, Manapiare River basin, above San Juan de Manapiare.

其他评论: Amazonas, Manapiare River basin, above San Juan de Manapiare.

濒危

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
300
全球范围内以此语言为母语的人

地点: Venezuela

极危

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
5
全球范围内以此语言为母语的人

Not known
全球范围内以此语言为母语的人

地点: Venezuela

濒危

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
151
全球范围内以此语言为母语的人
民族人口
292

信息日期: 2001

地点: Venezuela

		Personal communication about Mapoyo, Yawarana, Pémono, and Tamanaku				Personal communication.				Gildea, Spike	Gildea, Spike. 2014. Personal communication about Mapoyo, Yawarana, Pémono, and Tamanaku			25?		10-99	"Nobody knows how many Yawarana speakers there are: Migliazza (1980) said 42, Mattéi Muller (2003) said about 50, and the latest census (2011) shows that, of the 300 who identified as ethnic Yawarana, about half (150) also designated themselves as speakers. Of course, what this designation means to these "speakers" is not known. I would guess we have less than 50, and perhaps less than 25 fluent speakers. Mattéi-Muller knows one couple who still uses the language every day in their home, so there is still a chance that we could do some real documentation if someone moves fast."	Spanish	Critically Endangered (100 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	15	14	15		Venezuela
16	2009	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)			M. Paul Lewis		SIL International	Dallas, TX	http://www.ethnologue.com/		Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)	ll_pub		35		10-99	Speaker number data: (E. Migliazza 1977). 20 (1977 E. Migliazza); ethnic population: 320 (Crevels 2007) (2013).		Severely Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)				Amazonas, Manapiare River basin, above San Juan de Manapiare.	Venezuela;	Amazonas, Manapiare River basin, above San Juan de Manapiare.
3rd	2010	Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger					UNESCO Publishing	Paris	http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas	Christopher Moseley (ed.)	Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)	ll_pub		300		100-999			Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)					Venezuela		5.3863,-66.0058
	2007	South America	Atlas of the World's Endangered Languages	103-196	C. Moseley		London & New York: Routledge			Mily Crevels	Crevels, Mily. 2007. "South America." In Atlas of the World's Endangered Languages, edited by C. Moseley. 103-196. London & New York: Routledge.	HHOLD		Not known										Venezuela
		World Oral Literature Project							http://www.oralliterature.org		"World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.			5		1-9			Critically Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)
	2012	Language endangerment in South America: The clock is ticking	The Indigenous Languages of South America: A Comprehensive Guide	167-234	Lyle Campbell and Veronica Grondona		Mouton de Gruyter	Berlin		Crevels, Mily	Crevels, Mily. 2012. "Language Endangerment in South America: The Clock Is Ticking." In The Indigenous Languages of South America: A Comprehensive Guide, edited by Hans Henrich Hock et al.. 167-234. Mouton de Gruyter.		292	151	2001	100-999			Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)					Venezuela

Yawarana

语言元数据

语言文献论坛

极危

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available

25?

高危

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

35

濒危

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

300

极危

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

5

Not known

濒危

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

151

讨论

Yawarana

语言元数据

语言文献论坛

极危

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available

25?

高危

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

35

濒危

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

300

极危

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

5

Not known

濒危

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

151

讨论

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