Baram
[别称 Barhamu, Brahmu, Bhramu]语系:Sino-Tibetan
·极危
语系:Sino-Tibetan
·极危
Barhamu, Brahmu, Bhramu, Bramu, Bhrāmu, Baraamu, Baramu, Bhra:mu, Ba:rhmu, Balbang |
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Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Kanauri |
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ISO 639-3 |
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brd |
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文件格式: csv |
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Greg Anderson: Baram is endangered for sure, possibly in the seriously endangered category. |
信息不完整 “A sociolinguistic study of the Baram language” (187–225) . Kansakar, Tej Ratna et al. (2011)
7383 (Central Bureau of Statistics)
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53
2 speakers in Takukot-5, Mailung, and 51 speakers in Takukot-8, Dandagaun. "Most of the fluent speakers are above 60 years of age. The youngest fluent speakers we found is 48 years old."
"The survey suggested that Baram is more likely to be used for activities such as thinking, scolding, cursing, and praying than for joking, dreaming, abusing, performing rituals, or playing. Speakers do not sing in Baram and there is not a single traditional native Baram song. It is equally interesting that Baram is not used in any Baram rituals; they use Nepali instead. This is likely due to the linguistic and cultural convergence that resulted from prolonged contact with Nepali-speaking people."
Nepali
There are no monolingual speakers of Baram.
"[T]hey used to hesitate to speak their own language in front of speakers of other languages and to identify themselves as Barams... But at present, because of the democratic movements and growing awareness among the minority ethnic groups, Barams are happy to use their language and to identify themselves as Baram.... The Nepal Baram Association, a national-level organization, and the Gorkha Baram Associatino, at the district level, have been actively promoting the language, culture, and identity of the Baram people."
Predominantly in the central-southern part of the Gorkha district, along the Daraundi and Budhigandaki rivers and their tributaries.
Dandagaun of the Gorkha district is the only place where the language is still spoken.
信息不完整 “The documentation of Baram: A 'nearly extinct' language of Nepal” . Dhakal, Dubi Nanda (2016) SEL
"Nowadays, Baram is hardly used in everyday life." Some elderly speakers (55+).
信息不完整 “South Asia and the Middle East” (283-348) . George van Driem (2007) , Christopher Moseley · London & New York: Routledge
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A few hundred speakers, but fluent speakers are all middle-aged to elderly and together number far
less than a hundred.
One village, Dandagau, near Pipal Danda in the Takukot area.
Outside of this village, a few elderly or isolated individuals have a fragmentary recollection of the language.