Endangered Languages Project

ALSO KNOWN AS		Ashochimi, Napa
CLASSIFICATION		Yukian
CODE AUTHORITY		ISO 639-3
LANGUAGE CODE		wao
DOWNLOAD		As csv
MORE RESOURCES		OLAC search

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Information from: “Language Revitalization in Northern California: Awakening the Wappo Language” . Marks, Aaron; Desirae Harp; and Joanne Torres (2013) ScholarSpace

Awakening

MORE ON VITALITY

"With the support of the Tribal chairman, we [Aaron Marks, Desirae Harp, and Christi Gabaldon] initiated the Wappo language classes in November 2012 ... In the long term, once a critical mass of competent speakers is created, full - immersion classes and groups are planned."

Dormant
0
Native speakers worldwide
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
Although a few elderly individuals retain some knowledge of the language, none has speaking knowledge (p. 191).

MORE ON VITALITY

Although a few elderly individuals retain some knowledge of the language, none has speaking knowledge (p. 191).

OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY

English

PLACES: USA

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: California: The Wappo occupied Alexander Valley, most of Napa Valley, and the northern portion of Sonoma Valley.

Dormant
0
Native speakers worldwide
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
Originally spoken from Napa Valley to Clear Lake. During the 19th century most of the surviving Wappos joined surrounding groups. Wappo appears recently to have become extinct.

OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY

PLACES: USA

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: California: Originally spoken from Napa Valley to Clear Lake. During the 19th century most of the surviving Wappos joined surrounding groups.

Critically endangered

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available
3
Native speakers worldwide

DOMAINS OF USE
SPEAKER NUMBER TRENDS
TRANSMISSION

PLACES: USA

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: California

PLACES: USA

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: California

Dormant
0
Native speakers worldwide
SEMI SPEAKERS
3
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
"All speakers are elderly and none fully fluent" (Golla 2007).

DATE OF INFO: 2007

TRANSMISSION
OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY
LANGUAGE CONTEXT COMMENTS: "Shifting to English [eng]."

PLACES: USA

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: "California, north of San Francisco Bay."

			2007	North America	Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages	1-96	C. Moseley	London & New York: Routledge				Victor Golla	Golla, Victor. 2007. "North America." In Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages, edited by C. Moseley. 1-96. London & New York: Routledge.	HHOLD	3		1-9					Critically Endangered (100 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	15		15	15	USA	California
	3rd International Conference on Language Documentation and Conservation (ICLDC)		2013	Language Revitalization in Northern California: Awakening the Wappo Language				ScholarSpace		University of Hawaii at Manoa	http://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/handle/10125/26061/26061.pdf?sequence=2	Marks, Aaron; Desirae Harp; and Joanne Torres					Awakening					Awakening ()		"With the support of the Tribal chairman, we [Aaron Marks, Desirae Harp, and Christi Gabaldon] initiated the Wappo language classes in November 2012 ... In the long term, once a critical mass of competent speakers is created, full - immersion classes and groups are planned."
0199255911			2005	The World Atlas of Language Structures			Bernard Comrie and David Gil and Martin Haspelmath and Matthew S. Dryer	Oxford University Press	New York				2005. "The World Atlas of Language Structures." edited by Bernard Comrie et al. Oxford University Press.														USA	California	38.5,-122.5
978-0520266674			2011	California Indian Languages		61-200		University of California Press	Berkeley, CA	UC Berkeley		Victor Golla			0			Although a few elderly individuals retain some knowledge of the language, none has speaking knowledge (p. 191).		English		Dormant ()		Although a few elderly individuals retain some knowledge of the language, none has speaking knowledge (p. 191).			USA	California: The Wappo occupied Alexander Valley, most of Napa Valley, and the northern portion of Sonoma Valley.
			2008	North America	Atlas of the World's Languages	7-41	Chris Moseley and Ron Asher	Routledge	London			Victor Golla and Ives Goddard and Lyle Campbell and Marianne Mithun and Mauricio Mixco	Victor Golla, Ives Goddard, Lyle Campbell, Marianne Mithun and Mauricio Mixco. 2008. "North America." In Atlas of the World's Languages, edited by Chris Moseley and Ron Asher. 7-41. Routledge.		0			Originally spoken from Napa Valley to Clear Lake. During the 19th century most of the surviving Wappos joined surrounding groups. Wappo appears recently to have become extinct.		English		Dormant ()					USA	California: Originally spoken from Napa Valley to Clear Lake. During the 19th century most of the surviving Wappos joined surrounding groups.
		18th	2015	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 18th Edition			Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig	SIL International	Dallas, Texas		http://www.ethnologue.com		Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig (eds.). 2015. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Eighteenth edition. Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Online version: http://www.ethnologue.com.		0	2007		"All speakers are elderly and none fully fluent" (Golla 2007).	3	English [eng]	"Shifting to English [eng]."	Dormant ()	15				USA	"California, north of San Francisco Bay."

Wappo

Language metadata

Language information by source

Awakening

Dormant

0

Dormant

0

Critically endangered

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available

3

Dormant

0

Discussion

Wappo

Language metadata

Language information by source

Awakening

Dormant

0

Dormant

0

Critically endangered

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available

3

Dormant

0

Discussion

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