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Language Information by Source

Source 1
Source 2
Source 3
Dialectology as dialectic: interpreting Phula variation.

Pelkey, Jamin R. 2011. Dialectology as dialectic: interpreting Phula variation. Berlin/New York: De Gruyter Mouton.

Vulnerable
100 percent certain, based on the evidence available
About Vitality Level
26,000
Native Speakers Worldwide
Speaker Number Trends

Speaker Number Trend 0

Almost all members of the community or ethnic group speak the language, and the number of speakers is stable or increasing.

0
Domains of Use

Domain Of Use 1

Used in most domains except for official ones such as government, mass media, education etc.

1
Transmission

Transmission -1

All members of the community, including children, speak the language.

-1
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Speakers
Native or fluent speakers:
No results found.
Second-language speakers and learners
No results found.
Semi-speakers or rememberers
No results found.
Children:
No results found.
Young adults
No results found.
Older adults
No results found.
Elders
No results found.
Ethnic or community population
28,000
Year information was gathered
No results found.
Comments on speakers
Southern Muji is the medium of daily life communication, and is normally learned by children as L1. Community announcements and meetings are all in Southern Muji. But some children living in Jinhezhen (金河鎮), near Jinping County (金平縣), Yunnan Province (雲南省), can't speak Southern Muji at all. People over age 7, as long as they go to school, they start to learn Mandarin, the official language of China. One third of male Southern Muji living in Pujiazhai (普家寨) of Yunnan Province can also speak Hani.

Location and Context
Countries
Yunnan Province of China
Location Description

mainly dwelling in Shayipo, Dazhai and Adebo Townships of northern Jinping County; also in Tongchang Township of southwestern Jinping County, Fengchuling Township of eastern Yuanyang County, southeastern Shuitian Township of southern Mengzi County, Manhao Township of southeastern Gejiu County. There are two Southern Muji speaking villages in Lai Chau Province in Vietnam.

Government Support
no
Institutional Support
no
Speakers' Attitude
positive
Other Languages Used By The Community
(Southwestern) Mandarin; Hani
Number of Other Language Speakers:
None
Domains of Other Languages:
Mandarin in official domains

Writing Systems
Standard orthography:
No results found.
Writing system:
no
Other writing systems used:
No results text.
Comments on writing systems:
No results found.

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