Endangered Languages Project

ALSO KNOWN AS		Chákobo, Chacobo, Shinabo, Chakobo-Pakawara
CLASSIFICATION		Pano-Tacanan, Mainline
CODE AUTHORITY		ISO 639-3
LANGUAGE CODE		cao
VARIANTS & DIALECTS		Chácobo Pacahuara Yateño?
DOWNLOAD		As csv
MORE RESOURCES		OLAC search
ADDITIONAL COMMENTS		Ethnologue (2009, 2016) lists Shinabo [snh] as an separate Panoan language related to Chákobo (Chácobo), listed as unattested; others consider it a variety of Chákobo. Several sources distinguish Chácobo [cao] and Pacahuara [pcp] (Pacaguara, Pakaguara, Pakawara, Pacawara); however, they are dialects of a single language (Fleck 2013).

Compare Sources (7)

Information from: “Pano meridional” (29-69 ch. Pano meridional) . Córdoba, Lorena, Pilar M. Valenzuela y Diego Villar (2012) , Mily Crevels and Pieter Muysken · : Plural Editores

Vulnerable

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available
~1000
Native speakers worldwide
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
"los chacobos son alrededor de un millar" (p. 29)

TRANSMISSION

MORE ON VITALITY

"los niños son monolingües hasta alcanzar la edad escolar. Los adultos son en buena parte bilingües (más los varones que las mujeres" (p. 29).
[the children are monolingual until they reach school age. The adults are in large parte bilingual (more the men than the women)].

PLACES: Bolivia

ADDITIONAL COMMENTS: Most in Tierra Comunitaria del Origen 'Chacobo-Pacaguara'

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
567
Native speakers worldwide
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
Chácobo [cao]: 550 (2000 SIL). 275 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 1,090 (2006 PIB). L2 users: Bolivian non-Chacobo children at Alto Ivon learn Chácobo.
Pacahuara [pcp]: 17 (Adelaar 2000). Ethnic population: 18 (Adelaar 2000).

PLACES: Bolivia

ADDITIONAL COMMENTS: Chácobo: Northwest Beni, south of Riberalta on Alto Ivon River, Alto Ivon, Nuevo Mojos, California, Núcleo, Motacusal, Siete Almendros, Cayuses.
Pacahuara: Beni Department, Vaca Díez province, near the Chácobo community of Alto Ivon.

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
386?
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
516
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
Chákobo 380; Pacahuara 6 of a population of 46. However, about Pacahuara: The speaker number may be up to 56, as there may be about 50 people in an uncontacted group. This would also increase the ethnic population by 50 people, making it 96. Apart from the few Pacahuara (Panoan) living today in the community of Tujuré, near the Chácobo (Panoan) of the Alto Ivón River, there still is an uncontacted Pacahuara group of about 50 persons in their homeland between the Negro and Pacahuara rivers, near the border with Brazil in the Pando department.

PLACES: Bolivia (Amazonia/ Oriente)

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
550
Native speakers worldwide

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
550
Native speakers worldwide

0199255911		2005	The World Atlas of Language Structures			Bernard Comrie and David Gil and Martin Haspelmath and Matthew S. Dryer	Oxford University Press	New York				2005. "The World Atlas of Language Structures." edited by Bernard Comrie et al. Oxford University Press.											-12.1666666667,-66.75
	2nd edition	2010	Highland South America and the Caribbean	Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger of Disappearing		Christopher Moseley	UNESCO	Paris, France			Willem Adelaar and Gustavo Solis Fonseca	Adelaar, Willem and Gustavo Solis Fonseca. 2010. "Highland South America and the Caribbean." In Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger of Disappearing, edited by Christopher Moseley. UNESCO.											-11.3454,-65.8135
	3rd	2010	Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger				UNESCO Publishing	Paris		http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas	Christopher Moseley (ed.)	Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)	ll_pub		550	100-999		Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)					-11.3454,-65.8135
			World Oral Literature Project							http://www.oralliterature.org		"World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.			550	100-999		Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)
	17th	2013	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 17th Edition (2013)			Paul M. Lewis; Gary F. Simons; and Charles D. Fennig	Dallas, Texas: SIL International			http://www.ethnologue.com Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 17th Edition (2013)		Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig (eds.), 2013. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 17th edition. Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Online version: http://www.ethnologue.com.			567	100-999	Chácobo [cao]: 550 (2000 SIL). 275 monolinguals. Ethnic population: 1,090 (2006 PIB). L2 users: Bolivian non-Chacobo children at Alto Ivon learn Chácobo. Pacahuara [pcp]: 17 (Adelaar 2000). Ethnic population: 18 (Adelaar 2000).	Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)			Chácobo: Northwest Beni, south of Riberalta on Alto Ivon River, Alto Ivon, Nuevo Mojos, California, Núcleo, Motacusal, Siete Almendros, Cayuses. Pacahuara: Beni Department, Vaca Díez province, near the Chácobo community of Alto Ivon.	Bolivia
978-99954-1-475-5		2012	Pano meridional	Lenguas de Bolivia, vol 2: Amazonía	29-69	Mily Crevels and Pieter Muysken	: Plural Editores		Pano meridional		Córdoba, Lorena, Pilar M. Valenzuela y Diego Villar	Córdoba, Lorena, Pilar M. Valenzuela y Diego Villar. 2012. Pano meridional. Lenguas de Bolivia, vol 2: Amazonía, ed. by Mily Crevels and Pieter Muysken, 29-69. La Paz: Plural Editores. (ISBN: 978-99954-1-475-5)			~1000	100-999	"los chacobos son alrededor de un millar" (p. 29)	Vulnerable (60 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	10	"los niños son monolingües hasta alcanzar la edad escolar. Los adultos son en buena parte bilingües (más los varones que las mujeres" (p. 29). [the children are monolingual until they reach school age. The adults are in large parte bilingual (more the men than the women)].	Most in Tierra Comunitaria del Origen 'Chacobo-Pacaguara'	Bolivia
		2012	Language endangerment in South America: The clock is ticking.	The Indigenous Languages of South America: A Comprehensive Guide	167-234	Lyle Campbell and Veronica Grondona	Mouton de Gruyter	Berlin			Crevels, Mily	Crevels, Mily. 2012. "Language Endangerment in South America: The Clock Is Ticking." In The Indigenous Languages of South America: A Comprehensive Guide, 167-234. Mouton de Gruyter.		516	386?	100-999	Chákobo 380; Pacahuara 6 of a population of 46. However, about Pacahuara: The speaker number may be up to 56, as there may be about 50 people in an uncontacted group. This would also increase the ethnic population by 50 people, making it 96. Apart from the few Pacahuara (Panoan) living today in the community of Tujuré, near the Chácobo (Panoan) of the Alto Ivón River, there still is an uncontacted Pacahuara group of about 50 persons in their homeland between the Negro and Pacahuara rivers, near the border with Brazil in the Pando department.	Endangered (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)				Bolivia (Amazonia/ Oriente)

Chácobo

Language metadata

Language information by source

Vulnerable

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available

~1000

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

567

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

386?

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

550

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

550

Discussion

Chácobo

Language metadata

Language information by source

Vulnerable

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available

~1000

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

567

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

386?

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

550

Endangered

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

550

Discussion

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